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Shaker Wahib al-Fahdawi al-Dulaimi (1986 – May 6, 2016), better known as Abu Waheeb ('Father of the Generous'), was a leader of the militant group Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant in Anbar, Iraq.<br/><br/> He was known for the execution of three Syrian Alawite truck drivers in Iraq in the summer of 2013, as head of the Al Anbar Lions. He and three others were killed in a United States-led coalition airstrike in May 2016, according to the US Department of Defense.
The Great Mosque was first built by the Umayyads in the 8th century CE and was modelled on the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. It was almost completely destroyed in 1982 during the Sunni muslim uprising in Hama.<br/><br/> Hama is the location of the historical city of Hamath. In 1982 it was the scene of the worst massacre in modern Arab history. President Hafaz al-Assad ordered his brother Rifaat al-Assad to quell a Sunni Islamist revolt in the city. An estimated 25,000 to 30,000 people were massacred.
The Great Mosque was first built by the Umayyads in the 8th century CE and was modelled on the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. It was almost completely destroyed in 1982 during the Sunni muslim uprising in Hama.<br/><br/> Hama is the location of the historical city of Hamath. In 1982 it was the scene of the worst massacre in modern Arab history. President Hafaz al-Assad ordered his brother Rifaat al-Assad to quell a Sunni Islamist revolt in the city. An estimated 25,000 to 30,000 people were massacred.
The Great Mosque was first built by the Umayyads in the 8th century CE and was modelled on the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. It was almost completely destroyed in 1982 during the Sunni muslim uprising in Hama.<br/><br/> Hama is the location of the historical city of Hamath. In 1982 it was the scene of the worst massacre in modern Arab history. President Hafaz al-Assad ordered his brother Rifaat al-Assad to quell a Sunni Islamist revolt in the city. An estimated 25,000 to 30,000 people were massacred.
The Great Mosque was first built by the Umayyads in the 8th century CE and was modelled on the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. It was almost completely destroyed in 1982 during the Sunni muslim uprising in Hama.<br/><br/> Hama is the location of the historical city of Hamath. In 1982 it was the scene of the worst massacre in modern Arab history. President Hafaz al-Assad ordered his brother Rifaat al-Assad to quell a Sunni Islamist revolt in the city. An estimated 25,000 to 30,000 people were massacred.
The Great Mosque was first built by the Umayyads in the 8th century CE and was modelled on the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. It was almost completely destroyed in 1982 during the Sunni muslim uprising in Hama.<br/><br/> Hama is the location of the historical city of Hamath. In 1982 it was the scene of the worst massacre in modern Arab history. President Hafaz al-Assad ordered his brother Rifaat al-Assad to quell a Sunni Islamist revolt in the city. An estimated 25,000 to 30,000 people were massacred.
A <i>noria</i> is a machine for lifting water into a small aqueduct for the purpose of irrigation.<br/><br/> Hama is the location of the historical city of Hamath. In 1982 it was the scene of the worst massacre in modern Arab history. President Hafaz al-Assad ordered his brother Rifaat al-Assad to quell a Sunni Islamist revolt in the city. An estimated 25,000 to 30,000 people were massacred.
A <i>noria</i> is a machine for lifting water into a small aqueduct for the purpose of irrigation.<br/><br/> Hama is the location of the historical city of Hamath. In 1982 it was the scene of the worst massacre in modern Arab history. President Hafaz al-Assad ordered his brother Rifaat al-Assad to quell a Sunni Islamist revolt in the city. An estimated 25,000 to 30,000 people were massacred.
5 <i>dinar</i> Islamic State coin dated 1437 Hijri (Islamic calendar) or 2016 CE, with a map of the world on the obverse.<br/><br/> The Arabic text on the right image shows 'Islamic State' for the first line, Gold 21 for the second line, 5 <i>dinar</i> for the third line, 21.25 grams for the fourth line and 'A Caliphate Based on the Doctrine of the Prophet' for the fifth line.
Akhundzada, an ethnic Pashtun of the Noorzai clan, is a religious scholar, reportedly the issuer of the majority of the Taliban's fatwas, and was the head of the Taliban's Islamic courts.<br/><br/> Unlike many Taliban leaders, Akhundzada is believed to have remained in the country during the War in Afghanistan. He became the leader of the militant group in May 2016 following the death of the previous leader Akhtar Mansour in a drone strike. The Taliban also bestowed upon Akhundzada the title Emir-al-Momineen (Commander of the Faithful) that his two predecessors had carried.
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi is the leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), an Islamic Salafi Jihadist movement in western Iraq, the Egyptian Sinai, Libya, northeast Nigeria and Syria, self-styled as the 'Islamic State' (ad-Dawlah al-Islamiyah).<br/><br/> On 4 October 2011, the U.S. State Department listed al-Baghdadi as a 'Specially Designated Global Terrorist', and announced a reward of up to US$10 million for information leading to his capture or death.
Tarkhan Tayumurazovich Batirashvili, known by his nom de guerre Abu Omar al-Shishani ('Abu Omar the Chechen'), was a Georgian Kist (Chechen) jihadist who served as a commander for the Islamic State in Syria, and previously as a sergeant in the Georgian Army.<br/><br/> In 2013, Batirashvili joined the Islamic State and rapidly became a senior commander in the organization, directing a series of battles and ultimately earning a seat on ISIL's shura council.<br/><br/> The US Treasury Department added Batirashvili to its list of Specially Designated Global Terrorists on 24 September 2014, and seven months later the US government announced a reward up to US$5 million for information leading to his capture. Batirashvili was killed in July 2016 during fighting in the Iraqi city of Shirqat, south of Mosul, Iraq.
The Great Mosque was first built by the Umayyads in the 8th century CE and was modelled on the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. It was almost completely destroyed in 1982 during the Sunni muslim uprising in Hama.<br/><br/> Hama is the location of the historical city of Hamath. In 1982 it was the scene of the worst massacre in modern Arab history. President Hafaz al-Assad ordered his brother Rifaat al-Assad to quell a Sunni Islamist revolt in the city. An estimated 25,000 to 30,000 people were massacred.
20 <i>fuluus</i> Islamic State coin dated 1437 Hijri (Islamic calendar) or 2016 CE, with palm trees on the obverse.<br/><br/> The Arabic text on the reverse shows 'Islamic State' for the first line, 20 <i>fuluus</i> (smaller denomination of the dinar) for the second line, 20 grams for the third line and 'A Caliphate Based on the Doctrine of the Prophet' for the fourth line.
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi is the leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), an Islamic Salafi Jihadist movement in western Iraq, the Egyptian Sinai, Libya, northeast Nigeria and Syria, self-styled as the 'Islamic State' (ad-Dawlah al-Islamiyah).<br/><br/> On 4 October 2011, the U.S. State Department listed al-Baghdadi as a 'Specially Designated Global Terrorist', and announced a reward of up to US$10 million for information leading to his capture or death.
The Islamic State flag is similar to the flags of other extreme Salafi-Jihadi Sunni Muslim movements. It is based on the Black Standard flown by Muhammad in Islamic tradition and on the Black Banner of the Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258).<br/><br/> In the flag of the Islamic State the <i>shahada</i> or Islamic statement of belief - <i>la ilaha illa-llah, Muhammadun rasulu-llah</i> ('There is no god but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God') - is emblazoned above the seal of the Prophet Muhammad (now kept in the Topkapi Palace, Istanbul), with black Arabic script on a white background reading: <i>Allah rasul Muhammad</i> ('Muhammad, Messenger of God').
1 <i>dirham</i> Islamic State coin dated 1437 Hijri (Islamic calendar) or 2016 CE, with spear and shield on the obverse.<br/><br/> The Arabic text on the obverse shows 'Islamic State' for the first line, 1 <i>dirham</i> (smaller denomination of the dinar) for the second line, 2 grams for the third line and 'A Caliphate Based on the Doctrine of the Prophet' for the fourth line.
Shaker Wahib al-Fahdawi al-Dulaimi (1986 – May 6, 2016), better known as Abu Waheeb ('Father of the Generous'), was a leader of the militant group Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant in Anbar, Iraq.<br/><br/> He was known for the execution of three Syrian Alawite truck drivers in Iraq in the summer of 2013, as head of the Al Anbar Lions. He and three others were killed in a United States-led coalition airstrike in May 2016, according to the US Department of Defense.
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi is the leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), an Islamic Salafi Jihadist movement in western Iraq, the Egyptian Sinai, Libya, northeast Nigeria and Syria, self-styled as the 'Islamic State' (ad-Dawlah al-Islamiyah).<br/><br/> On 4 October 2011, the U.S. State Department listed al-Baghdadi as a 'Specially Designated Global Terrorist', and announced a reward of up to US$10 million for information leading to his capture or death.
10 <i>dirham</i> Islamic State coin dated 1437 Hijri (Islamic calendar) or 2016 CE, with Al-Aqsa Mosque on the obverse.<br/><br/> The Arabic text on the right image shows 'Islamic State' for the first line, 1 <i>dirham</i> (smaller denomination of the dinar) for the second line, 2 grams for the third line and 'A Caliphate Based on the Doctrine of the Prophet' for the fourth line.
Mohammed Emwazi (born Muhammad Jassim Abdulkarim Olayan al-Dhafiri, 17 August 1988 – 12 November 2015) was a British Arab alleged to be the person seen in several videos produced by the Islamic extremist group ISIL showing the beheadings of a number of captives in 2014 and 2015. A group of his hostages nicknamed him 'John' since he was part of a four-person terrorist cell with London accents whom they called 'The Beatles'; the press later began calling him 'Jihadi John'. On 12 November 2015, US officials reported that Emwazi had been hit by a drone strike in Al-Raqqah, Syria. His death was confirmed by ISIL in January 2016.
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi is the leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), an Islamic Salafi Jihadist movement in western Iraq, the Egyptian Sinai, Libya, northeast Nigeria and Syria, self-styled as the 'Islamic State' (ad-Dawlah al-Islamiyah).<br/><br/> On 4 October 2011, the U.S. State Department listed al-Baghdadi as a 'Specially Designated Global Terrorist', and announced a reward of up to US$10 million for information leading to his capture or death.
AlÄ« ibn AbÄ« ṬÄlib (Arabic: علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب;, c.598-661 CE). The son of Abu Talib, Ali was also the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet, Muhammad, ruling over the Islamic Caliphate from 656 to 661, and was the first male convert to Islam.<br/><br/> Sunnis consider Ali the fourth and final of the Rashidun (rightly guided) Caliphs, while Shia regard Ali as the first Imam and consider him and his descendants the rightful successors to Muhammad, all of which are members of the Ahl al-Bayt, the household of Muhammad. This disagreement split the Ummah (Muslim community) into the Sunni and Shia branches.
A noria is a machine for lifting water into a small aqueduct for the purpose of irrigation.<br/><br/> Hama is the location of the historical city of Hamath. In 1982 it was the scene of the worst massacre in modern Arab history. President Hafaz al-Assad ordered his brother Rifaat al-Assad to quell a Sunni Islamist revolt in the city. An estimated 25,000 to 30,000 people were massacred.
A noria is a machine for lifting water into a small aqueduct for the purpose of irrigation.<br/><br/> Hama is the location of the historical city of Hamath. In 1982 it was the scene of the worst massacre in modern Arab history. President Hafaz al-Assad ordered his brother Rifaat al-Assad to quell a Sunni Islamist revolt in the city. An estimated 25,000 to 30,000 people were massacred.
A noria is a machine for lifting water into a small aqueduct for the purpose of irrigation.<br/><br/> Hama is the location of the historical city of Hamath. In 1982 it was the scene of the worst massacre in modern Arab history. President Hafaz al-Assad ordered his brother Rifaat al-Assad to quell a Sunni Islamist revolt in the city. An estimated 25,000 to 30,000 people were massacred.
A noria is a machine for lifting water into a small aqueduct for the purpose of irrigation.<br/><br/> Hama is the location of the historical city of Hamath. In 1982 it was the scene of the worst massacre in modern Arab history. President Hafaz al-Assad ordered his brother Rifaat al-Assad to quell a Sunni Islamist revolt in the city. An estimated 25,000 to 30,000 people were massacred.
A noria is a machine for lifting water into a small aqueduct for the purpose of irrigation.<br/><br/> Hama is the location of the historical city of Hamath. In 1982 it was the scene of the worst massacre in modern Arab history. President Hafaz al-Assad ordered his brother Rifaat al-Assad to quell a Sunni Islamist revolt in the city. An estimated 25,000 to 30,000 people were massacred.
Hama is the location of the historical city of Hamath. In 1982 it was the scene of the worst massacre in modern Arab history. President Hafaz al-Assad ordered his brother Rifaat al-Assad to quell a Sunni Islamist revolt in the city. An estimated 25,000 to 30,000 people were massacred.
The Great Mosque was first built by the Umayyads in the 8th century CE and was modelled on the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. It was almost completely destroyed in 1982 during the Sunni muslim uprising in Hama.<br/><br/> Hama is the location of the historical city of Hamath. In 1982 it was the scene of the worst massacre in modern Arab history. President Hafaz al-Assad ordered his brother Rifaat al-Assad to quell a Sunni Islamist revolt in the city. An estimated 25,000 to 30,000 people were massacred.
The Great Mosque was first built by the Umayyads in the 8th century CE and was modelled on the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. It was almost completely destroyed in 1982 during the Sunni muslim uprising in Hama.<br/><br/> Hama is the location of the historical city of Hamath. In 1982 it was the scene of the worst massacre in modern Arab history. President Hafaz al-Assad ordered his brother Rifaat al-Assad to quell a Sunni Islamist revolt in the city. An estimated 25,000 to 30,000 people were massacred.
The Great Mosque was first built by the Umayyads in the 8th century CE and was modelled on the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. It was almost completely destroyed in 1982 during the Sunni muslim uprising in Hama.<br/><br/> Hama is the location of the historical city of Hamath. In 1982 it was the scene of the worst massacre in modern Arab history. President Hafaz al-Assad ordered his brother Rifaat al-Assad to quell a Sunni Islamist revolt in the city. An estimated 25,000 to 30,000 people were massacred.
A noria is a machine for lifting water into a small aqueduct for the purpose of irrigation.<br/><br/> Hama is the location of the historical city of Hamath. In 1982 it was the scene of the worst massacre in modern Arab history. President Hafaz al-Assad ordered his brother Rifaat al-Assad to quell a Sunni Islamist revolt in the city. An estimated 25,000 to 30,000 people were massacred.
A noria is a machine for lifting water into a small aqueduct for the purpose of irrigation.<br/><br/> Hama is the location of the historical city of Hamath. In 1982 it was the scene of the worst massacre in modern Arab history. President Hafaz al-Assad ordered his brother Rifaat al-Assad to quell a Sunni Islamist revolt in the city. An estimated 25,000 to 30,000 people were massacred.
A noria is a machine for lifting water into a small aqueduct for the purpose of irrigation.<br/><br/> Hama is the location of the historical city of Hamath. In 1982 it was the scene of the worst massacre in modern Arab history. President Hafaz al-Assad ordered his brother Rifaat al-Assad to quell a Sunni Islamist revolt in the city. An estimated 25,000 to 30,000 people were massacred.
A noria is a machine for lifting water into a small aqueduct for the purpose of irrigation.<br/><br/> Hama is the location of the historical city of Hamath. In 1982 it was the scene of the worst massacre in modern Arab history. President Hafaz al-Assad ordered his brother Rifaat al-Assad to quell a Sunni Islamist revolt in the city. An estimated 25,000 to 30,000 people were massacred.
The Battle of Siffin (Arabic: صÙين‎; May–July 657 CE) occurred during the First Fitna, or first Muslim civil war, with the main engagement taking place from July 26 to July 28. It was fought between Ali ibn Abi Talib and Muawiyah I, on the banks of the Euphrates river, in what is now Ar-Raqqah, Syria.<br/><br/> Following the controversial murder of Uthman ibn Affan, Ali had become Caliph but struggled to be accepted as such throughout the Muslim Empire. Muawiyah, the governor of Syria, was a kinsman of the murdered Caliph, and wanted the murderers brought to justice. He considered that Ali was unwilling to do this, and so Muawiyah rebelled against Ali, who attempted to put down the rebellion. The result was the engagement at Siffin. However, the battle was indecisive, and the two parties agreed to an arbitration, which was equally indecisive.<br/><br/> The battle and arbitration served to weaken Ali's position, but did not resolve the tensions that were plaguing the empire. To the Shia, Ali ibn Abi Talib was the first Imam. To Sunnis, Ali ibn Abi Talib was the fourth Rashidun Caliph, and Muawiyah the first Caliph of the Ummayyad dynasty. The events surrounding the battle are highly controversial between Sunni and Shia, and serve as part of the split between the two groups.
This carte-de-visite photograph depicts an Arab in the Dutch colonial capital of Batavia (present-day Jakarta) preparing for the hajj.<br/><br/> The Arabs in Southeast Asia generally were from the area of Hadramaut in the southern part of Arabia. During the 19th century, the number of Arabs immigrating to Asia increased, but they remained tied to their homeland and often used the wealth acquired in their new homes to finance projects in Arabia. Despite sharing their Muslim faith with native Indonesians, Arabs maintained separate communities, particularly during the colonial period.<br/><br/> The photograph was taken by the studio of Woodbury & Page, which was established in 1857 by the British photographers Walter Bentley Woodbury and James Page.
Zahir ud-din Muhammad Babur (1483—1530-1) was a Muslim conqueror from Central Asia who succeeded in laying the basis for the Mughal dynasty of India. He was a direct descendant of Timur (Tamerlane) and of Genghis Khan. Babur identified his lineage as Timurid and Chaghatay-Turkic, while his origin, milieu, training and culture were steeped in Persian culture. He was largely responsible for the expansion of Persian cultural influence in the Indian subcontinent, with brilliant literary, artistic, and historiographical results.
Nasir ud-din Muhammad Humayun (1508-56) was the second Mughal emperor who ruled present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan and parts of northern India from 1530–40 and again from 1555–56. Like his father, Babur, he lost his kingdom early, but with Persian aid, he eventually regained a larger one. On the eve of his death in 1556, the Mughal Empire spanned almost one million square kilometers.
At the Battle of Karbala the followers of Ali, led by the Prophet Muhammad's grandson Husayn, were defeated by the forces of the Umayyad Caliph Yazid. The event, which is often depicted in popular prints, is used by Shia to recall the martyr’s role that they feel they have played throughout history.<br/><br/> Ordinary chronology has been abolished in this print. Several episodes from the battle are enacted at the same time, and on each side, the battling parties still stand in their starting positions. On the right is Husayn with a small group of adherents, and on the top left is the commander of the Umayyad caliph Yazid with rows of well-equipped forces. We can also see into the afterlife. Husayn, now glorified, is found in the uppermost part of the picture flanked by jinns (creatures of fire created by God) on the left and by angels and early prophets on the right.
The Battle of Siffin (Arabic: صÙين‎; May–July 657 CE) occurred during the First Fitna, or first Muslim civil war, with the main engagement taking place from July 26 to July 28. It was fought between Ali ibn Abi Talib and Muawiyah I, on the banks of the Euphrates river, in what is now Ar-Raqqah, Syria.<br/><br/> Following the controversial murder of Uthman ibn Affan, Ali had become Caliph but struggled to be accepted as such throughout the Muslim Empire. Muawiyah, the governor of Syria, was a kinsman of the murdered Caliph, and wanted the murderers brought to justice. He considered that Ali was unwilling to do this, and so Muawiyah rebelled against Ali, who attempted to put down the rebellion. The result was the engagement at Siffin. However, the battle was indecisive, and the two parties agreed to an arbitration, which was equally indecisive.<br/><br/> The battle and arbitration served to weaken Ali's position, but did not resolve the tensions that were plaguing the empire. To the Shia, Ali ibn Abi Talib was the first Imam. To Sunnis, Ali ibn Abi Talib was the fourth Rashidun Caliph, and Muawiyah the first Caliph of the Ummayyad dynasty. The events surrounding the battle are highly controversial between Sunni and Shia, and serve as part of the split between the two groups.