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The Fatimid Caliphate was an Ismaili Shia Islamic caliphate that spanned a large area of North Africa, from the Red Sea in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the west. The dynasty ruled across the Mediterranean coast of Africa and ultimately made Egypt the centre of the caliphate.<br/><br/> At its height the caliphate included in addition to Egypt varying areas of the Maghreb, Sudan, Sicily, the Levant, and Hijaz.
The Bagaya Monastery is constructed entirely of teak wood and was built ib 1834 CE, during the reign of King Bagyidaw (1784 - 1846).<br/><br/> Inwa was the capital of Burma for nearly 360 years, on five separate occasions, from 1365 to 1842. So identified as the seat of power in Burma that Inwa (as the Kingdom of Ava, or the Court of Ava) was the name by which Burma was known to Europeans down to the 19th century.
The Bagaya Monastery is constructed entirely of teak wood and was built ib 1834 CE, during the reign of King Bagyidaw (1784 - 1846).<br/><br/> Inwa was the capital of Burma for nearly 360 years, on five separate occasions, from 1365 to 1842. So identified as the seat of power in Burma that Inwa (as the Kingdom of Ava, or the Court of Ava) was the name by which Burma was known to Europeans down to the 19th century.
The Bagaya Monastery is constructed entirely of teak wood and was built ib 1834 CE, during the reign of King Bagyidaw (1784 - 1846).<br/><br/> Inwa was the capital of Burma for nearly 360 years, on five separate occasions, from 1365 to 1842. So identified as the seat of power in Burma that Inwa (as the Kingdom of Ava, or the Court of Ava) was the name by which Burma was known to Europeans down to the 19th century.
Mandalay, a sprawling city of more than 1 million people, was founded in 1857 by King Mindon to coincide with an ancient Buddhist prophecy. It was believed that Gautama Buddha visited the sacred mount of Mandalay Hill with his disciple Ananda, and proclaimed that on the 2,400th anniversary of his death, a metropolis of Buddhist teaching would be founded at the foot of the hill.<br/><br/> The Irrawaddy River or Ayeyarwady River, also spelt Ayeyarwaddy is a river that flows from north to south through Burma (Myanmar). It is the country's largest river and most important commercial waterway.<br/><br/> Originating from the confluence of the N'mai and Mali rivers, it flows relatively straight North-South before emptying through the Irrawaddy Delta into the Andaman Sea. Its drainage area of about 255,081 km² covers a large part of Burma. After Rudyard Kipling's poem, it is sometimes referred to as 'The Road to Mandalay'.
Born in Orange County, North Carolina, July 14, 1853, Marion Alonzo Cheek graduated in medicine from medical school before being recruited by the Presbyterian missionary Daniel McGilvary to work with the protestant mission in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand, in 1874.<br/><br/> Cheek's relationship with McGilvary and the mission soon turned sour, but Cheek - who was more interested in making money and enjoying the good life - soon set himself up as a businessman in the local lumber business and established a succesful medical practice. He resigned from the Presbyterian Mission in 1886, but despite - perhaps because of - establishing a personal harem of around 20 northern Thai women - he incurred increasingly serious debts, becoming bankrupt in 1893.<br/><br/> He became ill with malaria and dysentry in 1895 and took ship for Hong Kong and treatment in June of that year, but he died of an abcess of the liver while still in Thai waters off Si Chang Island, July 4, 1895.
Mandalay, a sprawling city of more than 1 million people, was founded in 1857 by King Mindon to coincide with an ancient Buddhist prophecy. It was believed that Gautama Buddha visited the sacred mount of Mandalay Hill with his disciple Ananda, and proclaimed that on the 2,400th anniversary of his death, a metropolis of Buddhist teaching would be founded at the foot of the hill.
Mandalay, a sprawling city of more than 1 million people, was founded in 1857 by King Mindon to coincide with an ancient Buddhist prophecy. It was believed that Gautama Buddha visited the sacred mount of Mandalay Hill with his disciple Ananda, and proclaimed that on the 2,400th anniversary of his death, a metropolis of Buddhist teaching would be founded at the foot of the hill.
Mandalay, a sprawling city of more than 1 million people, was founded in 1857 by King Mindon to coincide with an ancient Buddhist prophecy. It was believed that Gautama Buddha visited the sacred mount of Mandalay Hill with his disciple Ananda, and proclaimed that on the 2,400th anniversary of his death, a metropolis of Buddhist teaching would be founded at the foot of the hill.
Mandalay, a sprawling city of more than 1 million people, was founded in 1857 by King Mindon to coincide with an ancient Buddhist prophecy. It was believed that Gautama Buddha visited the sacred mount of Mandalay Hill with his disciple Ananda, and proclaimed that on the 2,400th anniversary of his death, a metropolis of Buddhist teaching would be founded at the foot of the hill.
Mandalay, a sprawling city of more than 1 million people, was founded in 1857 by King Mindon to coincide with an ancient Buddhist prophecy. It was believed that Gautama Buddha visited the sacred mount of Mandalay Hill with his disciple Ananda, and proclaimed that on the 2,400th anniversary of his death, a metropolis of Buddhist teaching would be founded at the foot of the hill.<br/><br/> The Irrawaddy River or Ayeyarwady River, also spelt Ayeyarwaddy is a river that flows from north to south through Burma (Myanmar). It is the country's largest river and most important commercial waterway.<br/><br/> Originating from the confluence of the N'mai and Mali rivers, it flows relatively straight North-South before emptying through the Irrawaddy Delta into the Andaman Sea. Its drainage area of about 255,081 km² covers a large part of Burma. After Rudyard Kipling's poem, it is sometimes referred to as 'The Road to Mandalay'.
Mandalay, a sprawling city of more than 1 million people, was founded in 1857 by King Mindon to coincide with an ancient Buddhist prophecy. It was believed that Gautama Buddha visited the sacred mount of Mandalay Hill with his disciple Ananda, and proclaimed that on the 2,400th anniversary of his death, a metropolis of Buddhist teaching would be founded at the foot of the hill.<br/><br/> The Irrawaddy River or Ayeyarwady River, also spelt Ayeyarwaddy is a river that flows from north to south through Burma (Myanmar). It is the country's largest river and most important commercial waterway.<br/><br/> Originating from the confluence of the N'mai and Mali rivers, it flows relatively straight North-South before emptying through the Irrawaddy Delta into the Andaman Sea. Its drainage area of about 255,081 km² covers a large part of Burma. After Rudyard Kipling's poem, it is sometimes referred to as 'The Road to Mandalay'.
Once one of Thailand’s remotest provinces, Mae Hong Son is now readily accessible by air from Chiang Mai, as well as by a wonderful loop drive through Mae Sariang and back via Pai and Soppong– or vice versa. Singularly isolated, Mae Hong Son is not yet very developed. The townsfolk may be citizens of Thailand, but most are Shan, Karen, Yunnanese Chinese or Hill Tribes. The temples are Burmese in style, and the pace of life amazingly tranquil.
He was the son of Anna Leonowens of Anna and the King of Siam fame and Thomas Leon Owens, a civilian clerk, whom she married in India in 1849. He was born at Lynton near Port Gregory in Western Australia and went to Siam (now Thailand) with his mother in 1862.<br/><br/> He was raised in the Siamese royal palace and was schooled by his mother alongside the royal children until he returned to Europe to complete his education. In 1881, at the age of 27, he returned to Siam and was granted a commission of Captain in the Royal Cavalry by King Chulalongkorn.<br/><br/> Leonowens in 1884 left the military and entered the teak trade. He went on in 1905 to found the Louis Thomas Leonowens Company which became Louis T. Leonowens Ltd, an international trading company. This company remains a leading exporter of Malayan hardwoods and an importer of building materials and general merchandise.<br/><br/> Leonowens became less involved in the operations of the company after 1906 and left Siam for the last time in 1913. Leonowens died in 1919 during the global influenza pandemic. He is buried, with his second wife, in Brompton Cemetery, London.
Mandalay, a sprawling city of more than 1 million people, was founded in 1857 by King Mindon to coincide with an ancient Buddhist prophecy. It was believed that Gautama Buddha visited the sacred mount of Mandalay Hill with his disciple Ananda, and proclaimed that on the 2,400th anniversary of his death, a metropolis of Buddhist teaching would be founded at the foot of the hill.<br/><br/> The Irrawaddy River or Ayeyarwady River, also spelt Ayeyarwaddy is a river that flows from north to south through Burma (Myanmar). It is the country's largest river and most important commercial waterway.<br/><br/> Originating from the confluence of the N'mai and Mali rivers, it flows relatively straight North-South before emptying through the Irrawaddy Delta into the Andaman Sea. Its drainage area of about 255,081 km² covers a large part of Burma. After Rudyard Kipling's poem, it is sometimes referred to as 'The Road to Mandalay'.
The River Mekong is the world's 12th-longest river. From its Himalayan source on the Tibetan plateau, it flows some 4,350 km (2,703 miles) through China's Yunnan province, Burma, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam, finally draining in the South China Sea. The recent construction of hydroelectric dams on the river and its tributaries has reduced the water flow dramatically during the dry season in Southeast Asia.
Mandalay, a sprawling city of more than 1 million people, was founded in 1857 by King Mindon to coincide with an ancient Buddhist prophecy. It was believed that Gautama Buddha visited the sacred mount of Mandalay Hill with his disciple Ananda, and proclaimed that on the 2,400th anniversary of his death, a metropolis of Buddhist teaching would be founded at the foot of the hill.
Dr Paul Neis undertook a scientific mission to Cochinchina and Laos on behalf of the French Minister of Public Education. He returned to Bangkok by way of Chiang Mai and north Thailand. His mission lasted for 19 months between 1882 and 1884.
Teak is a genus of tropical hardwood trees in the mint family, Lamiaceae, and is native to south and southeast Asia, mainly India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma and Thailand. It is commonly found as a component of monsoon forest vegetation. They are large trees, growing to 30–40 m (90-120 ft.) tall, deciduous in the dry season. It is used in the manufacture of outdoor furniture, boat decks, flooring and other articles where weather resistance is desired.
The Javanese script, natively known as Hanacaraka), Carakan, or Aksara Jawa, is a pre-colonial script used to write Javanese and several other native languages of Indonesia. It is closely related to the Balinese script.
Dr Paul Neis undertook a scientific mission to Cochinchina and Laos on behalf of the French Minister of Public Education. He returned to Bangkok by way of Chiang Mai and north Thailand. His mission lasted for 19 months between 1882 and 1884.
Dr Paul Neis undertook a scientific mission to Cochinchina and Laos on behalf of the French Minister of Public Education. He returned to Bangkok by way of Chiang Mai and north Thailand. His mission lasted for 19 months between 1882 and 1884.
Vongburi House is a two-storey teak house built by the last prince of Phrae, Luang Phongphibun, in the late 19th century CE.<br/><br/> Phrae was built next to the Yom River in the 12th century and was part of the Mon kingdom of Haripunchai. In 1443, King Tilokaraj of the neighbouring Lanna kingdom captured the town.
Vongburi House is a two-storey teak house built by the last prince of Phrae, Luang Phongphibun, in the late 19th century CE.<br/><br/> Phrae was built next to the Yom River in the 12th century and was part of the Mon kingdom of Haripunchai. In 1443, King Tilokaraj of the neighbouring Lanna kingdom captured the town.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
In the 19th century, the Asian Elephant held a prominent position in Siam, although they were hunted regularly north of Ayutthaya and the Lao States (present day, Chiang Mai province and Isan). Not only were elephants used as beasts of burden in agriculture and for hauling timber, but they were active in war leading cavalry charges against the enemy. Elephants were frequently employed in the Siamese-Burmese wars of the Middle Ages. Siam's kings kept elephants, especially prized albino elephants, in elaborate stables. An adult Asian Elephant regularly lives to 90 years of age, grows to 2.5 to 3 meters in height and consumes about 100 kg of hay, fruit and vegetables per day. During the reigns of King Mongkut Rama IV (1851—68) and King Chulalongkorn (1868—1910), the national flag of Siam was a white elephant on a red background.
The Phra Ratchaniwet Marukhathaiyawan royal palace was the summer home of Rama VI (King Vajiravudh, 1881 - 1925). It was constructed in 1923 in just 16 days. Unfortunately the king died two years later and the palace was abandoned.<br/><br/> Marukhathaiyawan Palace, meaning 'the Palace of Love and Hope' was designed by the Italian architedt, Ercole Manfredi
The Phra Ratchaniwet Marukhathaiyawan royal palace was the summer home of Rama VI (King Vajiravudh, 1881 - 1925). It was constructed in 1923 in just 16 days. Unfortunately the king died two years later and the palace was abandoned.<br/><br/> Marukhathaiyawan Palace, meaning 'the Palace of Love and Hope' was designed by the Italian architedt, Ercole Manfredi
The Phra Ratchaniwet Marukhathaiyawan royal palace was the summer home of Rama VI (King Vajiravudh, 1881 - 1925). It was constructed in 1923 in just 16 days. Unfortunately the king died two years later and the palace was abandoned.<br/><br/> Marukhathaiyawan Palace, meaning 'the Palace of Love and Hope' was designed by the Italian architedt, Ercole Manfredi
The Phra Ratchaniwet Marukhathaiyawan royal palace was the summer home of Rama VI (King Vajiravudh, 1881 - 1925). It was constructed in 1923 in just 16 days. Unfortunately the king died two years later and the palace was abandoned.<br/><br/> Marukhathaiyawan Palace, meaning 'the Palace of Love and Hope' was designed by the Italian architedt, Ercole Manfredi
The Phra Ratchaniwet Marukhathaiyawan royal palace was the summer home of Rama VI (King Vajiravudh, 1881 - 1925). It was constructed in 1923 in just 16 days. Unfortunately the king died two years later and the palace was abandoned.<br/><br/> Marukhathaiyawan Palace, meaning 'the Palace of Love and Hope' was designed by the Italian architedt, Ercole Manfredi
The Phra Ratchaniwet Marukhathaiyawan royal palace was the summer home of Rama VI (King Vajiravudh, 1881 - 1925). It was constructed in 1923 in just 16 days. Unfortunately the king died two years later and the palace was abandoned.<br/><br/> Marukhathaiyawan Palace, meaning 'the Palace of Love and Hope' was designed by the Italian architedt, Ercole Manfredi
The Phra Ratchaniwet Marukhathaiyawan royal palace was the summer home of Rama VI (King Vajiravudh, 1881 - 1925). It was constructed in 1923 in just 16 days. Unfortunately the king died two years later and the palace was abandoned.<br/><br/> Marukhathaiyawan Palace, meaning 'the Palace of Love and Hope' was designed by the Italian architedt, Ercole Manfredi
The Phra Ratchaniwet Marukhathaiyawan royal palace was the summer home of Rama VI (King Vajiravudh, 1881 - 1925). It was constructed in 1923 in just 16 days. Unfortunately the king died two years later and the palace was abandoned.<br/><br/> Marukhathaiyawan Palace, meaning 'the Palace of Love and Hope' was designed by the Italian architedt, Ercole Manfredi
The Phra Ratchaniwet Marukhathaiyawan royal palace was the summer home of Rama VI (King Vajiravudh, 1881 - 1925). It was constructed in 1923 in just 16 days. Unfortunately the king died two years later and the palace was abandoned.<br/><br/> Marukhathaiyawan Palace, meaning 'the Palace of Love and Hope' was designed by the Italian architedt, Ercole Manfredi
The Phra Ratchaniwet Marukhathaiyawan royal palace was the summer home of Rama VI (King Vajiravudh, 1881 - 1925). It was constructed in 1923 in just 16 days. Unfortunately the king died two years later and the palace was abandoned.<br/><br/> Marukhathaiyawan Palace, meaning 'the Palace of Love and Hope' was designed by the Italian architedt, Ercole Manfredi
The Phra Ratchaniwet Marukhathaiyawan royal palace was the summer home of Rama VI (King Vajiravudh, 1881 - 1925). It was constructed in 1923 in just 16 days. Unfortunately the king died two years later and the palace was abandoned.<br/><br/> Marukhathaiyawan Palace, meaning 'the Palace of Love and Hope' was designed by the Italian architedt, Ercole Manfredi
The Phra Ratchaniwet Marukhathaiyawan royal palace was the summer home of Rama VI (King Vajiravudh, 1881 - 1925). It was constructed in 1923 in just 16 days. Unfortunately the king died two years later and the palace was abandoned.<br/><br/> Marukhathaiyawan Palace, meaning 'the Palace of Love and Hope' was designed by the Italian architedt, Ercole Manfredi
The Phra Ratchaniwet Marukhathaiyawan royal palace was the summer home of Rama VI (King Vajiravudh, 1881 - 1925). It was constructed in 1923 in just 16 days. Unfortunately the king died two years later and the palace was abandoned.<br/><br/> Marukhathaiyawan Palace, meaning 'the Palace of Love and Hope' was designed by the Italian architedt, Ercole Manfredi
The Phra Ratchaniwet Marukhathaiyawan royal palace was the summer home of Rama VI (King Vajiravudh, 1881 - 1925). It was constructed in 1923 in just 16 days. Unfortunately the king died two years later and the palace was abandoned.<br/><br/> Marukhathaiyawan Palace, meaning 'the Palace of Love and Hope' was designed by the Italian architedt, Ercole Manfredi
The Phra Ratchaniwet Marukhathaiyawan royal palace was the summer home of Rama VI (King Vajiravudh, 1881 - 1925). It was constructed in 1923 in just 16 days. Unfortunately the king died two years later and the palace was abandoned.<br/><br/> Marukhathaiyawan Palace, meaning 'the Palace of Love and Hope' was designed by the Italian architedt, Ercole Manfredi
The Phra Ratchaniwet Marukhathaiyawan royal palace was the summer home of Rama VI (King Vajiravudh, 1881 - 1925). It was constructed in 1923 in just 16 days. Unfortunately the king died two years later and the palace was abandoned.<br/><br/> Marukhathaiyawan Palace, meaning 'the Palace of Love and Hope' was designed by the Italian architedt, Ercole Manfredi
The Phra Ratchaniwet Marukhathaiyawan royal palace was the summer home of Rama VI (King Vajiravudh, 1881 - 1925). It was constructed in 1923 in just 16 days. Unfortunately the king died two years later and the palace was abandoned.<br/><br/> Marukhathaiyawan Palace, meaning 'the Palace of Love and Hope' was designed by the Italian architedt, Ercole Manfredi
The Phra Ratchaniwet Marukhathaiyawan royal palace was the summer home of Rama VI (King Vajiravudh, 1881 - 1925). It was constructed in 1923 in just 16 days. Unfortunately the king died two years later and the palace was abandoned.<br/><br/> Marukhathaiyawan Palace, meaning 'the Palace of Love and Hope' was designed by the Italian architedt, Ercole Manfredi
The Phra Ratchaniwet Marukhathaiyawan royal palace was the summer home of Rama VI (King Vajiravudh, 1881 - 1925). It was constructed in 1923 in just 16 days. Unfortunately the king died two years later and the palace was abandoned.<br/><br/> Marukhathaiyawan Palace, meaning 'the Palace of Love and Hope' was designed by the Italian architedt, Ercole Manfredi
The Phra Ratchaniwet Marukhathaiyawan royal palace was the summer home of Rama VI (King Vajiravudh, 1881 - 1925). It was constructed in 1923 in just 16 days. Unfortunately the king died two years later and the palace was abandoned.<br/><br/> Marukhathaiyawan Palace, meaning 'the Palace of Love and Hope' was designed by the Italian architedt, Ercole Manfredi
The Phra Ratchaniwet Marukhathaiyawan royal palace was the summer home of Rama VI (King Vajiravudh, 1881 - 1925). It was constructed in 1923 in just 16 days. Unfortunately the king died two years later and the palace was abandoned.<br/><br/> Marukhathaiyawan Palace, meaning 'the Palace of Love and Hope' was designed by the Italian architedt, Ercole Manfredi