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Machhendranath is a Hindu deity, the protector of the Kathmandu Valley and the master over rain and prosperity.<br/><br/>

The Rato Machhendranath Temple is one of the more sacred sites in Bungamati, and is dedicated to a deity of many personalities and names, Padmapani Avalokiteshvara. Buddhists worship him under the name of Rato Machhendranath or Bungadyo (The One from Bungamati), and Hindus regard him as another manifestation of their multi-facetted god Shiva.<br/><br/>

However Buddhists and Hindus alike consider Rato Machhendranath to be the god of rain and plenty, after an incident when he is said to have intervened to end a 12 year drought by making his guru Gorakthnath rise up from squatting on a seat of naga, or serpent deities. When Gorakhnath rose from the naga, who are often associated with water, they proceeded to bring rain over the country.
The Meiji period, also known as the Meiji era, is a Japanese era which extended from September 8, 1868 through July 30, 1912.<br/><br/>

This period represents the first half of the Empire of Japan during which Japanese society moved from being an isolated feudal society to its modern form. Fundamental changes affected its social structure, internal politics, economy, military, and foreign relations.
Tamil Nadu has historically been an agricultural state and is a leading producer of agricultural products in India. In 2008, Tamil Nadu was India's fifth biggest producer of rice. The total cultivated area in Tamil Nadu was 5.60 million hectares in 2009–10. The Cauvery delta region is known as the Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu.
Tamil Nadu has historically been an agricultural state and is a leading producer of agricultural products in India. In 2008, Tamil Nadu was India's fifth biggest producer of rice. The total cultivated area in Tamil Nadu was 5.60 million hectares in 2009–10. The Cauvery delta region is known as the Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu.
The Tacuinum (sometimes Taccuinum) Sanitatis is a medieval handbook on health and wellbeing, based on the Taqwim al‑sihha تقويم الصحة ('Maintenance of Health'), an eleventh-century Arab medical treatise by Ibn Butlan of Baghdad.<br/><br/>

Ibn Butlân was a Christian physician born in Baghdad and who died in 1068. He sets forth the six elements necessary to maintain daily health: food and drink, air and the environment, activity and rest, sleep and wakefulness, secretions and excretions of humours, changes or states of mind (happiness, anger, shame, etc). According to Ibn Butlân, illnesses are the result of changes in the balance of some of these elements, therefore he recommended a life in harmony with nature in order to maintain or recover one’s health.<br/><br/>

Ibn Butlân also teaches us to enjoy each season of the year, the consequences of each type of climate, wind and snow. He points out the importance of spiritual wellbeing and mentions, for example, the benefits of listening to music, dancing or having a pleasant conversation.<br/><br/>

Aimed at a cultured lay audience, the text exists in several variant Latin versions, the manuscripts of which are characteristically profusely illustrated. The short paragraphs of the treatise were freely translated into Latin in mid-thirteenth-century Palermo or Naples, continuing an Italo-Norman tradition as one of the prime sites for peaceable inter-cultural contact between the Islamic and European worlds.<br/><br/>

Four handsomely illustrated complete late fourteenth-century manuscripts of the Taccuinum, all produced in Lombardy, survive, in Vienna, Paris, Liège and Rome, as well as scattered illustrations from others, as well as fifteenth-century codices.
Located in the northeast of the country, Shan State covers one-quarter of Burma’s land mass. It was traditionally separated into principalities and is mostly comprised of ethnic Shan, Burman Pa-O, Intha, Taungyo, Danu, Palaung and Kachin peoples.<br/><br/>

The ethnic Tai-Shan people are believed to have migrated from Yunnan in China. The Shan are descendants of the oldest branch of the Tai-Shan, known as ‘Tai Long’ (Great Tai) or ‘Thai Yai’ (Big Thai). The Tai-Shan who migrated to the south and now inhabit modern-day Laos and Thailand are known as ‘Tai Noi’ (Little Tai) or ‘Tai Nyai’.<br/><br/>

The Shan have inhabited the Shan Plateau and other parts of modern-day Myanmar as far back as the 10th century CE. The Shan kingdom of Mong Mao (Muang Mao) existed as early as the 10th century CE, but became a Burmese vassal state during the reign of King Anawrahta of Pagan (1044-1077).
The Tai Dam or Black Tai are an ethnic group found in parts of Laos, Vietnam, China, and Thailand.
Tai Dam speakers in China are classified as part of the Dai nationality along with almost all the other Tai peoples. But in Vietnam they are given their own nationality (with the White Tai) where they are classified as the Thái nationality (meaning Tai people).
The Tai Dam originate from the vicinity of Dien Bien Phu in Vietnam.
The Tai Dam or Black Tai are an ethnic group found in parts of Laos, Vietnam, China, and Thailand.
Tai Dam speakers in China are classified as part of the Dai nationality along with almost all the other Tai peoples. But in Vietnam they are given their own nationality (with the White Tai) where they are classified as the Thái nationality (meaning Tai people).
The Tai Dam originate from the vicinity of Dien Bien Phu in Vietnam.
The Tai Dam or Black Tai are an ethnic group found in parts of Laos, Vietnam, China, and Thailand.
Tai Dam speakers in China are classified as part of the Dai nationality along with almost all the other Tai peoples. But in Vietnam they are given their own nationality (with the White Tai) where they are classified as the Thái nationality (meaning Tai people).
The Tai Dam originate from the vicinity of Dien Bien Phu in Vietnam.
The Tai Dam or Black Tai are an ethnic group found in parts of Laos, Vietnam, China, and Thailand.
Tai Dam speakers in China are classified as part of the Dai nationality along with almost all the other Tai peoples. But in Vietnam they are given their own nationality (with the White Tai) where they are classified as the Thái nationality (meaning Tai people).
The Tai Dam originate from the vicinity of Dien Bien Phu in Vietnam.
The Tai Dam or Black Tai are an ethnic group found in parts of Laos, Vietnam, China, and Thailand.
Tai Dam speakers in China are classified as part of the Dai nationality along with almost all the other Tai peoples. But in Vietnam they are given their own nationality (with the White Tai) where they are classified as the Thái nationality (meaning Tai people).
The Tai Dam originate from the vicinity of Dien Bien Phu in Vietnam.
The Tai Dam or Black Tai are an ethnic group found in parts of Laos, Vietnam, China, and Thailand.
Tai Dam speakers in China are classified as part of the Dai nationality along with almost all the other Tai peoples. But in Vietnam they are given their own nationality (with the White Tai) where they are classified as the Thái nationality (meaning Tai people).
The Tai Dam originate from the vicinity of Dien Bien Phu in Vietnam.
The Tai Dam or Black Tai are an ethnic group found in parts of Laos, Vietnam, China, and Thailand.
Tai Dam speakers in China are classified as part of the Dai nationality along with almost all the other Tai peoples. But in Vietnam they are given their own nationality (with the White Tai) where they are classified as the Thái nationality (meaning Tai people).
The Tai Dam originate from the vicinity of Dien Bien Phu in Vietnam.