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Remedios, founded in 1524, was eclipsed by Santa Clara in the late 17th century and has changed relatively little since. The main square, Plaza Martí, is dominated by two churches – the 18th-century Iglesia de Nuestra Señora del Buen Viaje with a fine bell tower, and the more important Parroquial de San Juan Bautista, dating from 1545. The latter is certainly one of the most beautiful churches in Cuba, particularly notable for its elaborately carved and gilded altar, as well as the only statue of a pregnant Madonna of the Immaculate Conception in Cuba, or as the locals say, in the world.<br/><br/> At the centre of Plaza Martí is the Kiosko Pando, a bandstand dating from 1909, where live 'big band' music is played weekly on Thursday nights.<br/><br/> Remedios is also famous for the Festival of Parrandas which takes place annually on 24 and 25 December.
Remedios, founded in 1524, was eclipsed by Santa Clara in the late 17th century and has changed relatively little since. The main square, Plaza Martí, is dominated by two churches – the 18th-century Iglesia de Nuestra Señora del Buen Viaje with a fine bell tower, and the more important Parroquial de San Juan Bautista, dating from 1545. The latter is certainly one of the most beautiful churches in Cuba, particularly notable for its elaborately carved and gilded altar, as well as the only statue of a pregnant Madonna of the Immaculate Conception in Cuba, or as the locals say, in the world.<br/><br/> At the centre of Plaza Martí is the Kiosko Pando, a bandstand dating from 1909, where live 'big band' music is played weekly on Thursday nights.<br/><br/> Remedios is also famous for the Festival of Parrandas which takes place annually on 24 and 25 December.
Remedios, founded in 1524, was eclipsed by Santa Clara in the late 17th century and has changed relatively little since. The main square, Plaza Martí, is dominated by two churches – the 18th-century Iglesia de Nuestra Señora del Buen Viaje with a fine bell tower, and the more important Parroquial de San Juan Bautista, dating from 1545. The latter is certainly one of the most beautiful churches in Cuba, particularly notable for its elaborately carved and gilded altar, as well as the only statue of a pregnant Madonna of the Immaculate Conception in Cuba, or as the locals say, in the world.<br/><br/> At the centre of Plaza Martí is the Kiosko Pando, a bandstand dating from 1909, where live 'big band' music is played weekly on Thursday nights.<br/><br/> Remedios is also famous for the Festival of Parrandas which takes place annually on 24 and 25 December.
Italy: Metropolitan Cathedral of the Assumption of Virgin Mary (Palermo Cathedral), Palermo, Sicily. The church was erected in 1185 by Walter Ophamil (or Walter of the Mill), the Anglo-Norman archbishop of Palermo and King William II's minister, on the area of an earlier Byzantine basilica. The upper orders of the corner towers were built between the 14th and the 15th centuries, while in the early Renaissance period the southern porch was added. The present neoclassical appearance dates from the work carried out between 1781 and 1801.
Italy: Metropolitan Cathedral of the Assumption of Virgin Mary (Palermo Cathedral), Palermo, Sicily. The church was erected in 1185 by Walter Ophamil (or Walter of the Mill), the Anglo-Norman archbishop of Palermo and King William II's minister, on the area of an earlier Byzantine basilica. The upper orders of the corner towers were built between the 14th and the 15th centuries, while in the early Renaissance period the southern porch was added. The present neoclassical appearance dates from the work carried out between 1781 and 1801.
Italy: Metropolitan Cathedral of the Assumption of Virgin Mary (Palermo Cathedral), Palermo, Sicily. The church was erected in 1185 by Walter Ophamil (or Walter of the Mill), the Anglo-Norman archbishop of Palermo and King William II's minister, on the area of an earlier Byzantine basilica. The upper orders of the corner towers were built between the 14th and the 15th centuries, while in the early Renaissance period the southern porch was added. The present neoclassical appearance dates from the work carried out between 1781 and 1801.
Italy: Metropolitan Cathedral of the Assumption of Virgin Mary (Palermo Cathedral), Palermo, Sicily. The church was erected in 1185 by Walter Ophamil (or Walter of the Mill), the Anglo-Norman archbishop of Palermo and King William II's minister, on the area of an earlier Byzantine basilica. The upper orders of the corner towers were built between the 14th and the 15th centuries, while in the early Renaissance period the southern porch was added. The present neoclassical appearance dates from the work carried out between 1781 and 1801.
Italy: Metropolitan Cathedral of the Assumption of Virgin Mary (Palermo Cathedral), Palermo, Sicily. The church was erected in 1185 by Walter Ophamil (or Walter of the Mill), the Anglo-Norman archbishop of Palermo and King William II's minister, on the area of an earlier Byzantine basilica. The upper orders of the corner towers were built between the 14th and the 15th centuries, while in the early Renaissance period the southern porch was added. The present neoclassical appearance dates from the work carried out between 1781 and 1801.
Italy: Metropolitan Cathedral of the Assumption of Virgin Mary (Palermo Cathedral), Palermo, Sicily. The church was erected in 1185 by Walter Ophamil (or Walter of the Mill), the Anglo-Norman archbishop of Palermo and King William II's minister, on the area of an earlier Byzantine basilica. The upper orders of the corner towers were built between the 14th and the 15th centuries, while in the early Renaissance period the southern porch was added. The present neoclassical appearance dates from the work carried out between 1781 and 1801.
Italy: Metropolitan Cathedral of the Assumption of Virgin Mary (Palermo Cathedral), Palermo, Sicily. The church was erected in 1185 by Walter Ophamil (or Walter of the Mill), the Anglo-Norman archbishop of Palermo and King William II's minister, on the area of an earlier Byzantine basilica. The upper orders of the corner towers were built between the 14th and the 15th centuries, while in the early Renaissance period the southern porch was added. The present neoclassical appearance dates from the work carried out between 1781 and 1801.
The origins of a temple on this site date to prehistory. The great Greek Temple of Athena was built in the 5th century BCE. The temple was a Doric edifice with six columns on the short sides and 14 on the long sides.<br/><br/> The present cathedral was constructed by Saint Bishop Zosimo of Syracuse in the 7th century. The battered Doric columns of the original temple were incorporated in the walls of the current church. The building was converted into a mosque in 878, then converted back when Norman Roger I of Sicily retook the city in 1085. The roof of the nave is of Norman origin, as well as the mosaics in the apses.<br/><br/> As part of the increased building activity after the 1693 Sicily earthquake, the cathedral was rebuilt and the façade redesigned by architect Andrea Palma in 1725–1753.
The Basilica di Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari, usually just called the Frari, is a church located in the Campo dei Frari at the heart of the San Polo district of Venice, Italy.<br/><br/> In 1231, under Doge Jacopo Tiepolo, the city donated land at this site to establish a monastery and church belonging to the Franciscan Order of Friars Minor. This edifice proved too small and a three nave church was begun in 1250, and not completed until 1338. Work almost immediately began on its much larger replacement, the current church, which took over a century to build.
The Basilica di Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari, usually just called the Frari, is a church located in the Campo dei Frari at the heart of the San Polo district of Venice, Italy.<br/><br/> In 1231, under Doge Jacopo Tiepolo, the city donated land at this site to establish a monastery and church belonging to the Franciscan Order of Friars Minor. This edifice proved too small and a three nave church was begun in 1250, and not completed until 1338. Work almost immediately began on its much larger replacement, the current church, which took over a century to build.
The Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption was originally designed and completed between 1215 and 1263 on the site of an earlier structure. It has the form of a Latin cross with a slightly projecting transept, a dome and a bell tower.<br/><br/> The dome rises from a hexagonal base with supporting columns. The lantern atop the dome was added by Gian Lorenzo Bernini. The nave is separated from the two aisles by semicircular arches. The exterior and interior are constructed of white and greenish-black marble in alternating stripes, with addition of red marble on the façade.
Niccolò di Pietro Gerini (c. 1340 – 1414) was an Italian painter of the late Gothic period, active mainly in his native Florence although he also carried out commissions in Pisa and Prato. He was not an innovative painter but relied on traditional compositions in which he placed his figures in a stiff and dramatic movement.
The Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore (Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Flowers) is the main church of Florence. Il Duomo di Firenze, as it is ordinarily called, was begun in 1296 in the Gothic style with the design of Arnolfo di Cambio and completed structurally in 1436 with the dome engineered by Filippo Brunelleschi.<br/><br/> The exterior of the basilica is faced with polychrome marble panels in various shades of green and pink bordered by white and has an elaborate 19th-century Gothic Revival façade by Emilio De Fabris.<br/><br/> The cathedral complex, located in Piazza del Duomo, includes the Baptistery and Giotto's Campanile.
The Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore (Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Flowers) is the main church of Florence. Il Duomo di Firenze, as it is ordinarily called, was begun in 1296 in the Gothic style with the design of Arnolfo di Cambio and completed structurally in 1436 with the dome engineered by Filippo Brunelleschi.<br/><br/> The exterior of the basilica is faced with polychrome marble panels in various shades of green and pink bordered by white and has an elaborate 19th-century Gothic Revival façade by Emilio De Fabris.<br/><br/> The cathedral complex, located in Piazza del Duomo, includes the Baptistery and Giotto's Campanile.
Kumari - Literally 'virgin', a young girl who is regarded as the incarnation of the Hindu goddess Taleju; remains only in her divine state until she has lost the first drop of blood, either by a wound or her first menstruation; at any given time there are several Kumaris in the cities of the Kathmandu Valley. The Kumari is chosen from the Shakya caste of the Nepalese Newari community.
Kumari - Literally 'virgin', a young girl who is regarded as the incarnation of the Hindu goddess Taleju; remains only in her divine state until she has lost the first drop of blood, either by a wound or her first menstruation; at any given time there are several Kumaris in the cities of the Kathmandu Valley. The Kumari is chosen from the Shakya caste of the Nepalese Newari community.
Kumari - Literally 'virgin', a young girl who is regarded as the incarnation of the Hindu goddess Taleju; remains only in her divine state until she has lost the first drop of blood, either by a wound or her first menstruation; at any given time there are several Kumaris in the cities of the Kathmandu Valley. The Kumari is chosen from the Shakya caste of the Nepalese Newari community.
Kumari - Literally 'virgin', a young girl who is regarded as the incarnation of the Hindu goddess Taleju; remains only in her divine state until she has lost the first drop of blood, either by a wound or her first menstruation; at any given time there are several Kumaris in the cities of the Kathmandu Valley. The Kumari is chosen from the Shakya caste of the Nepalese Newari community.
The Kumari Bahal is the residence of the so-called 'Living Goddess'. The building was erected about 1760-62 by King Jayaprakasha Malla in order to accommodate the Kumari Devi, or 'Virgin Goddess', supposed to be the living incarnation of goddess Taleju.<br/><br/> Designed more like a house than a temple, the Kumari Bahal is built around a central courtyard, called Kumari Chowk, the 'Courtyard of the Kumari'. The most notable feature of the building is its wooden windows, expertly carved with a profusion of ornaments and deities.<br/><br/> Each day in the afternoon, large crowds gather in the courtyard to witness the Kumari’s short appearance at her window, accompanied by a female guardian or priestess.
The Kumari Bahal is the residence of the so-called 'Living Goddess'. The building was erected about 1760-62 by King Jayaprakasha Malla in order to accommodate the Kumari Devi, or 'Virgin Goddess', supposed to be the living incarnation of goddess Taleju.<br/><br/> Designed more like a house than a temple, the Kumari Bahal is built around a central courtyard, called Kumari Chowk, the 'Courtyard of the Kumari'. The most notable feature of the building is its wooden windows, expertly carved with a profusion of ornaments and deities.<br/><br/> Each day in the afternoon, large crowds gather in the courtyard to witness the Kumari’s short appearance at her window, accompanied by a female guardian or priestess.
The Kumari Bahal is the residence of the so-called 'Living Goddess'. The building was erected about 1760-62 by King Jayaprakasha Malla in order to accommodate the Kumari Devi, or 'Virgin Goddess', supposed to be the living incarnation of goddess Taleju.<br/><br/> Designed more like a house than a temple, the Kumari Bahal is built around a central courtyard, called Kumari Chowk, the 'Courtyard of the Kumari'. The most notable feature of the building is its wooden windows, expertly carved with a profusion of ornaments and deities.<br/><br/> Each day in the afternoon, large crowds gather in the courtyard to witness the Kumari’s short appearance at her window, accompanied by a female guardian or priestess.
Istanbul's Hagia Sophia (Greek) or Ayasofya (Turkish) was originally constructed as a main Eastern Orthodox church and served in this role from 537 CE until the fall of Constantinople in 1453 (except between 1204 and 1261 when it was converted by the Fourth Crusaders to a Roman Catholic cathedral).<br/><br/> When the Ottoman Turks under Mehmed II conquered Constantinople, the Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque and Christian relics and art were either removed or plastered over. It remained a mosque for almost 500 years, before being converted into a museum between 1931 and 1935.<br/><br/> Famous in particular for its massive dome, it is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture and influenced the design of numerous mosques in what is now Istanbul.
Istanbul's Hagia Sophia (Greek) or Ayasofya (Turkish) was originally constructed as a main Eastern Orthodox church and served in this role from 537 CE until the fall of Constantinople in 1453 (except between 1204 and 1261 when it was converted by the Fourth Crusaders to a Roman Catholic cathedral).<br/><br/> When the Ottoman Turks under Mehmed II conquered Constantinople, the Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque and Christian relics and art were either removed or plastered over. It remained a mosque for almost 500 years, before being converted into a museum between 1931 and 1935.<br/><br/> Famous in particular for its massive dome, it is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture and influenced the design of numerous mosques in what is now Istanbul.
Istanbul's Hagia Sophia (Greek) or Ayasofya (Turkish) was originally constructed as a main Eastern Orthodox church and served in this role from 537 CE until the fall of Constantinople in 1453 (except between 1204 and 1261 when it was converted by the Fourth Crusaders to a Roman Catholic cathedral).<br/><br/> When the Ottoman Turks under Mehmed II conquered Constantinople, the Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque and Christian relics and art were either removed or plastered over. It remained a mosque for almost 500 years, before being converted into a museum between 1931 and 1935.<br/><br/> Famous in particular for its massive dome, it is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture and influenced the design of numerous mosques in what is now Istanbul.
The Kumari Bahal is the residence of the so-called 'Living Goddess'. The building was erected about 1760-62 by King Jayaprakasha Malla in order to accommodate the Kumari Devi, or 'Virgin Goddess', supposed to be the living incarnation of goddess Taleju.<br/><br/> Designed more like a house than a temple, the Kumari Bahal is built around a central courtyard, called Kumari Chowk, the 'Courtyard of the Kumari'. The most notable feature of the building is its wooden windows, expertly carved with a profusion of ornaments and deities.<br/><br/> Each day in the afternoon, large crowds gather in the courtyard to witness the Kumari’s short appearance at her window, accompanied by a female guardian or priestess.
Istanbul's Hagia Sophia (Greek) or Ayasofya (Turkish) was originally constructed as a main Eastern Orthodox church and served in this role from 537 CE until the fall of Constantinople in 1453 (except between 1204 and 1261 when it was converted by the Fourth Crusaders to a Roman Catholic cathedral).<br/><br/> When the Ottoman Turks under Mehmed II conquered Constantinople, the Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque and Christian relics and art were either removed or plastered over. It remained a mosque for almost 500 years, before being converted into a museum between 1931 and 1935.<br/><br/> Famous in particular for its massive dome, it is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture and influenced the design of numerous mosques in what is now Istanbul.
Originally built in 1916, the Holy Rosary Catholic Church was completely renovated in 2013.<br/><br/> Christianity, introduced to Sri Lanka by the Portuguese, is predominantly of the Roman Catholic variety and most visible along the west coast, especially around Negombo.
The Kumari Bahal is the residence of the so-called 'Living Goddess'. The building was erected about 1760-62 by King Jayaprakasha Malla in order to accommodate the Kumari Devi, or 'Virgin Goddess', supposed to be the living incarnation of goddess Taleju.<br/><br/> Designed more like a house than a temple, the Kumari Bahal is built around a central courtyard, called Kumari Chowk, the 'Courtyard of the Kumari'. The most notable feature of the building is its wooden windows, expertly carved with a profusion of ornaments and deities.<br/><br/> Each day in the afternoon, large crowds gather in the courtyard to witness the Kumari’s short appearance at her window, accompanied by a female guardian or priestess.
Istanbul's Hagia Sophia (Greek) or Ayasofya (Turkish) was originally constructed as a main Eastern Orthodox church and served in this role from 537 CE until the fall of Constantinople in 1453 (except between 1204 and 1261 when it was converted by the Fourth Crusaders to a Roman Catholic cathedral).<br/><br/> When the Ottoman Turks under Mehmed II conquered Constantinople, the Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque and Christian relics and art were either removed or plastered over. It remained a mosque for almost 500 years, before being converted into a museum between 1931 and 1935.<br/><br/> Famous in particular for its massive dome, it is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture and influenced the design of numerous mosques in what is now Istanbul.
Anthuenis, or Antoon Claeissens, Claessens, or Claeissins (c.1536 – 1613) was the son of Pieter Claes the elder and painted historical and allegorical subjects, and portraits.<br/><br/> He was a native of Bruges and became a pupil of Pieter Pourbus. He entered the Bruges Guild of Saint Luke in 1575, and became its dean in 1586, 1590, and 1601. His works, several of which are in the Hôtel-de-Ville and churches of Bruges, are distinguished by their fine colouring and finish. In the Hotel-de-Ville is a 'Grand Banquet' with many portraits of magistrates of the time, dated 1574. He died in 1613.<br/><br/> His son, Pieter Anthonie, was dean of the Guild of St. Luke at Bruges in 1607, and died in 1608
Hugo van der Goes (Ghent c. 1430/1440 – Oudergem 1482) was a Flemish painter. He was, along with Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden, Hans Memling and Dieric Bouts, one of the most important of the Early Netherlandish painters.
Albrecht Dürer (German: 21 May 1471 – 6 April 1528) was a German painter, engraver, printmaker, mathematician, and theorist from Nuremberg. His high-quality woodcuts (nowadays often called Meisterstiche or 'master prints') established his reputation and influence across Europe when he was still in his twenties, and he has been conventionally regarded as the greatest artist of the Northern Renaissance ever since.<br/><br/> His vast body of work includes altarpieces and religious works, numerous portraits and self-portraits, and copper engravings. The woodcuts, such as the Apocalypse series (1498), retain a more Gothic flavour than the rest of his work. His well-known prints include the Knight, Death, and the Devil (1513), Saint Jerome in his Study (1514) and Melencolia I (1514), which has been the subject of extensive analysis and interpretation. His watercolours also mark him as one of the first European landscape artists, while his ambitious woodcuts revolutionized the potential of that medium.<br/><br/> Dürer's introduction of classical motifs into Northern art, through his knowledge of Italian artists and German humanists, has secured his reputation as one of the most important figures of the Northern Renaissance. This is reinforced by his theoretical treatises, which involve principles of mathematics, perspective and ideal proportions
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519) was an Italian Renaissance polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writer. His genius, perhaps more than that of any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal.<br/><br/> Leonardo has often been described as the archetype of the Renaissance Man, a man of unquenchable curiosity and feverishly inventive imagination. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time and perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to have lived.
Saigon Notre-Dame Basilica, officially Basilica of Our Lady of The Immaculate Conception is a cathedral located in Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon). Established by French colonists, the cathedral was constructed between 1863 and 1880. It has two bell towers, reaching a height of 58 meters (190 feet).<br/><br/> Former Emperor Bảo Äại made Saigon the capital of the State of Vietnam in 1949 with himself as head of state. After the Việt Minh gained control of North Vietnam in 1954, it became common to refer to the Saigon government as 'South Vietnam'.<br/><br/> The government was renamed the Republic of Vietnam when Bảo Äại was deposed by his Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem in a fraudulent referendum in 1955. Saigon and Cholon, an adjacent city with many Sino-Vietnamese residents, were combined into an administrative unit called Äô Thành Sài Gòn (Capital City Saigon).
The Book of Kells (Irish: Leabhar Cheanannais) (Dublin, Trinity College Library, MS A. I. (58), sometimes known as the Book of Columba) is an illuminated manuscript Gospel book in Latin, containing the four Gospels of the New Testament together with various prefatory texts and tables. It was created by Celtic monks ca. 800 or slightly earlier. The text of the Gospels is largely drawn from the Vulgate, although it also includes several passages drawn from the earlier versions of the Bible known as the Vetus Latina. It is a masterwork of Western calligraphy and represents the pinnacle of Insular illumination. It is also widely regarded as Ireland's finest national treasure.<br/><br/> The illustrations and ornamentation of the Book of Kells surpass that of other Insular Gospel books in extravagance and complexity. The decoration combines traditional Christian iconography with the ornate swirling motifs typical of Insular art. Figures of humans, animals and mythical beasts, together with Celtic knots and interlacing patterns in vibrant colours, enliven the manuscript's pages. Many of these minor decorative elements are imbued with Christian symbolism and so further emphasise the themes of the major illustrations.<br/><br/> The manuscript today comprises 340 folios and, since 1953, has been bound in four volumes. The leaves are on high-quality calf vellum, and the unprecedentedly elaborate ornamentation that covers them includes ten full-page illustrations and text pages that are vibrant with decorated initials and interlinear miniatures and mark the furthest extension of the anti-classical and energetic qualities of Insular art. The Insular majuscule script of the text itself appears to be the work of at least three different scribes. The lettering is in iron gall ink, and the colours used were derived from a wide range of substances, many of which were imports from distant lands.<br/><br/> The manuscript takes its name from the Abbey of Kells that was its home for centuries. Today, it is on permanent display at the Trinity College Library, Dublin.
Palestine (Arabic: Ùلسطين‎ Filasá¹­Ä«n, Falasá¹­Ä«n, Filisá¹­Ä«n; Greek: Παλαιστίνη, PalaistinÄ“; Latin: Palaestina; Hebrew: פלשתינה Palestina) is a n ame given to the geographic region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. The region is also known as the Land of Israel (Hebrew: ×רץ־ישר×ל Eretz-Yisra'el), the Holy Land and the Southern Levant.<br/><br/> In 1832 Palestine was conquered by Muhammad Ali's Egypt, but in 1840 Britain intervened and returned control of the Levant to the Ottomans in return for further capitulations. The end of the 19th century saw the beginning of Zionist immigration and the Revival of the Hebrew language. The movement was publicly supported by Great Britain during World War I with the Balfour Declaration of 1917. The British captured Jerusalem a month later, and were formally awarded a mandate in 1922.<br/><br/> In 1947, following World War II and the Holocaust, the British Government announced their desire to terminate the Mandate, and the United Nations General Assembly voted to partition the territory into a Jewish state and an Arab state. The Jewish leadership accepted the proposal but the Arab Higher Committee rejected it; a civil war began immediately, and the State of Israel was declared in 1948.<br/><br/> The 1948 Palestinian exodus, known in Arabic as the Nakba (Arabic: النكبة‎, an-Nakbah, 'The Catastrophe') occurred when approximately 711,000 to 725,000 Palestinian Arabs fled or were expelled from their homes, during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War during which Israel captured and incorporated a further 26% of Palestinian territory.<br/><br/> In the course of the Six Day War in June 1967, Israel captured the remainder of historic Palestine and began a continuing policy of Israeli settlement and annexation.
The ao dai (Vietnamese: áo dài) is a Vietnamese national costume, now most commonly for women. In its current form, it is a tight-fitting silk tunic worn over pantaloons. The word is pronounced ow-zye in the north and ow-yai in the south, and translates as 'long dress'. The name áo dài was originally applied to the dress worn at the court of the Nguyá»…n Lords at Huế in the 18th century. This outfit evolved into the áo ngÅ© thân, a five-paneled aristocratic gown worn in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Inspired by Paris fashions, Nguyá»…n Cát TÆ°á»ng and other artists associated with Hanoi University redesigned the ngÅ© thân as a modern dress in the 1920s and 1930s. The updated look was promoted by the artists and magazines of Tá»± Lá»±c văn Ä‘oàn (Self-Reliant Literary Group) as a national costume for the modern era. In the 1950s, Saigon designers tightened the fit to produce the version worn by Vietnamese women today. The dress was extremely popular in South Vietnam in the 1960s and early 1970s, frowned upon as frivolous and borgeois in the North between 1952 and 1986, but is today increasingly popular nationwide, having become once again a symbol of Vietnamese nationalism and Vietnamese female beauty.
Paul Gauguin was born in Paris in 1848 and spent some of his childhood in Peru. He worked as a stockbroker with little success, and suffered from bouts of severe depression. He also painted. In 1891, Gauguin, frustrated by lack of recognition at home and financially destitute, sailed to the tropics to escape European civilization and 'everything that is artificial and conventional'. His time there, particularly in Tahiti and the Marquesas Islands, was the subject of much interest both then and in modern times due to his alleged sexual exploits. He was known to have had trysts with several native girls, some of whom appear as subjects of his paintings. Gauguin died on 8 May 1903 and is buried in Calvary Cemetery (Cimetière Calvaire), Atuona, Hiva ‘Oa, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia.
The Hunterian Psalter (or York Psalter) is an illuminated manuscript of the 12th century. It was produced in England some time around 1170, and is considered a striking example of Romanesque book art. The work is part of the collection of the Glasgow University Library, which acquired the book in 1807. It derives its colloquial name, the 'Hunterian Psalter', from having been part of the collection of 18th century Scottish anatomist and book collector William Hunter, who willed his collection to the University. It has also at times been known as the 'York Psalter', owing to its supposed northern English origin in the city of York.
In this famous scene from the New Testament of the Christian Bible, Jesus Christ is crucified.<br/><br/> He is nailed to a cross inscribed with the initials ‘INRI’—Iesus Nazerenus, Rex Iudaeorum’, meaning ‘Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews’—signifying the Romans’ ridicule of Him.<br/><br/> Angels fly nearby, collecting Jesus’ blood in their goblets. At the foot of the cross, richly dressed and with a halo around her flowing golden hair, Mary Magdalene prays. She has brought a jar of ointment for Christ’s wounds. Behind her, the Virgin Mary, Christs’ mother, is comforted by the Apostle John. On the right, St. Veronica holds up the cloth she used to wipe the face of Jesus as he walked up to Calvary up the road to Golgotha. An imprint of his face remains. This is the famed Shroud of Turin. Other biblical scenes, such as Gethsemane, are portrayed in the background. In the distance stands Jerusalem.
Faltering under the weight of the cross, Jesus Christ falters and falls on the road to Golgotha where he is to be crucified. A Roman guard drags him while another whips him. The Virgin Mary is being comforted behind the chaotic crowd. Two naked prisoners who will face crucifixion alongside Christ walk ahead, their hands tied behind their backs. In the background stands Jerusalem.
Known originally as the ‘Spes Nostra’, meaning ‘Our Hope’, this painting depicts St. Augustine (354—430 CE), the Bishop of Hippo Regius (present-day Annaba, Algeria), a philosopher and theologian who converted to Christianity and was influential for spreading the word of Christ in North Africa.<br/><br/> Venerated in Catholic, Protestant and Orthodox churches, Augustine is patron of the Augustinian order, and is considered patron saint of brewers, printers, theologians, sore eyes, and a number of cities and dioceses.<br/><br/> In the center of the painting, sitting on the monastery’s courtyard wall, is the Virgin Mary. Elizabeth places a hand on Mary's belly to indicate that she is pregnant. Behind Mary, in the background, a young Jesus rides a hobby horse.<br/><br/> In front of the grave, an epitaph reads: 'If anyone passes here, let them see this and weep. I am where you will be; what you are I once was. I beg you: pray for me'.
Tsukioka Yoshitoshi (1839 – June 9, 1892), also named Taiso Yoshitoshi, was a Japanese artist. He is widely recognized as the last great master of Ukiyo-e, a type of Japanese woodblock printing. He is additionally regarded as one of the form's greatest innovators. His career spanned two eras – the last years of feudal Japan, and the first years of modern Japan following the Meiji Restoration. Like many Japanese, Yoshitoshi was interested in new things from the rest of the world, but over time he became increasingly concerned with the loss of many outstanding aspects of traditional Japanese culture, among them traditional woodblock printing.
According to Christianity, the Three Kings, or Three Wise Men, travelled from the East to Bethlehem to pay homage to the newly born Messiah, the son of God. Cradled in his mother the Virgin Mary’s hands, the baby Jesus holds up his hand in a blessing. Before him kneels King Melchior, offering a gift of gold. Joseph, Mary's husband, stands behind in red.
Known in the Christian Bible as the Adoration of the Magi, this vivid scene depicts the Virgin Mary, mother of Christ, sitting in a ruined palace with the baby Jesus in her hands.<br/><br/> The Three Kings (the Magi) have come to Bethlehem to honour the child. They are dressed in their finest clothes. The kings , having removed their crowns, kneel and kiss the Christ's hand. Each bear's a gift, gold, frankincense and myrrh. Joseph stands in red in the background.
The Nuremberg Chronicle is an illustrated world history. Its structure follows the story of human history as related in the Bible; it includes the histories of a number of important Western cities. Written in Latin by Hartmann Schedel, with a version in German translation by Georg Alt, it appeared in 1493. It is one of the best-documented early printed books - an incunabulum (printed, not hand-written) - and one of the first to successfully integrate illustrations and text.
The Nuremberg Chronicle is an illustrated world history. Its structure follows the story of human history as related in the Bible; it includes the histories of a number of important Western cities. Written in Latin by Hartmann Schedel, with a version in German translation by Georg Alt, it appeared in 1493. It is one of the best-documented early printed books. It is classified as an incunabulum – that is, a book, pamphlet, or broadside that was printed (not handwritten) before the year 1501 in Europe. It is also one of the first to successfully integrate illustrations and text.<br/><br/> Latin scholars refer to it as Liber Chronicarum (Book of Chronicles) as this phrase appears in the index introduction of the Latin edition. English speakers have long referred to it as the Nuremberg Chronicle after the city in which it was published. German speakers refer to it as Die Schedelsche Weltchronik (Schedel's World History) in honour of its author. The illustrations in many copies were hand-coloured after printing.
The Nuremberg Chronicle is an illustrated world history. Its structure follows the story of human history as related in the Bible; it includes the histories of a number of important Western cities. Written in Latin by Hartmann Schedel, with a version in German translation by Georg Alt, it appeared in 1493. It is one of the best-documented early printed books. It is classified as an incunabulum – that is, a book, pamphlet, or broadside that was printed (not handwritten) before the year 1501 in Europe. It is also one of the first to successfully integrate illustrations and text.<br/><br/> Latin scholars refer to it as Liber Chronicarum (Book of Chronicles) as this phrase appears in the index introduction of the Latin edition. English speakers have long referred to it as the Nuremberg Chronicle after the city in which it was published. German speakers refer to it as Die Schedelsche Weltchronik (Schedel's World History) in honour of its author. The illustrations in many copies were hand-coloured after printing.
The River Mekong is the world's 12th-longest river. From its Himalayan source on the Tibetan plateau, it flows some 4,350 km (2,703 miles) through China's Yunnan province, Burma, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam, finally draining in the South China Sea. The recent construction of hydroelectric dams on the river and its tributaries has reduced the water flow dramatically during the dry season in Southeast Asia. This illustration was one of dozens produced by Louis Delaporte during a two-year venture (1866-68) with the Mekong Exploration Commission, which was sponsored by the French Ministry of the Navy, the intention of which was to lay the groundwork for the expansion of French colonies in Indochina.
The Nuremberg Chronicle is an illustrated world history. Its structure follows the story of human history as related in the Bible; it includes the histories of a number of important Western cities. Written in Latin by Hartmann Schedel, with a version in German translation by Georg Alt, it appeared in 1493. It is one of the best-documented early printed books. It is classified as an incunabulum – that is, a book, pamphlet, or broadside that was printed (not handwritten) before the year 1501 in Europe. It is also one of the first to successfully integrate illustrations and text.<br/><br/> Latin scholars refer to it as Liber Chronicarum (Book of Chronicles) as this phrase appears in the index introduction of the Latin edition. English speakers have long referred to it as the Nuremberg Chronicle after the city in which it was published. German speakers refer to it as Die Schedelsche Weltchronik (Schedel's World History) in honour of its author. The illustrations in many copies were hand-coloured after printing.
Mary Magdalene (Greek Μαγδαληνή) was one of Jesus' most celebrated disciples, and the most important woman disciple in the movement of Jesus. Jesus cleansed her of 'seven demons', [Luke 8:2] [Mark 16:9] conventionally interpreted as referring to complex illnesses. She became most prominent during his last days, being present at the cross after the male disciples (excepting John the Beloved) had fled, and at his burial. She was the first person to see Jesus after his Resurrection, according to both John 20 and Mark 16:9.<br/><br/> Mary Magdalene is considered by the Catholic, Orthodox, Anglican, and Lutheran churches to be a saint, with a feast day of July 22. The Eastern Orthodox churches also commemorate her on the Sunday of the Myrrhbearers.
The Nuremberg Chronicle is an illustrated world history. Its structure follows the story of human history as related in the Bible; it includes the histories of a number of important Western cities. Written in Latin by Hartmann Schedel, with a version in German translation by Georg Alt, it appeared in 1493. It is one of the best-documented early printed books. It is classified as an incunabulum – that is, a book, pamphlet, or broadside that was printed (not handwritten) before the year 1501 in Europe. It is also one of the first to successfully integrate illustrations and text.<br/><br/> Latin scholars refer to it as Liber Chronicarum (Book of Chronicles) as this phrase appears in the index introduction of the Latin edition. English speakers have long referred to it as the Nuremberg Chronicle after the city in which it was published. German speakers refer to it as Die Schedelsche Weltchronik (Schedel's World History) in honour of its author. The illustrations in many copies were hand-coloured after printing.
Pondicherry was the capital of the former French territories in India. Besides Pondi itself – acquired from a local ruler in 1674 – these included Chandernagore in Bengal (1690); Mahé in Kerala (1725); Yanam in Andhra Pradesh (1731); and Karaikal in Tamil Nadu (1739). Chandernagore was returned to India three years after independence, in 1951, and was absorbed into West Bengal. Returned to India in 1956, the remaining four territories were constituted as the Union Territory of Pondicherry in 1962.<br/><br/> Today Karaikal, Yanam and Mahé are all small seaside resort towns, known chiefly for their cheap beer made possible by Pondicherry's light alcohol taxes. Karaikal, on the Coromandel Coast 100 kilometres south of Pondicherry, is similar to rural Pondi – a prosperous, Tamil-speaking enclave renowned for the abundance of its rice harvests. Yanam, located on the coast of Andhra Pradesh more than 600 kilometres north of Madras, is a tiny, Telugu-speaking town on a branch of the Godavari River. Mahé, on the Malabar Coast of northern Kerala is a quaint, picturesque town, named for its founder, Count Mahé de La Bourdonnais.<br/><br/> In September 2006, the territory changed its official name from Pondicherry to the vernacular original, Puducherry, which means 'New village'.
The Pietà (1498–1499) is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture by Michelangelo Buonarroti, housed in St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City. The work depicts the body of Jesus on the lap of his mother Mary after the Crucifixion. The Manila Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica (also known as the Cathedral-Basilica of the Immaculate Conception and informally as Manila Cathedral was originally built in 1581. The eighth and current incarnation of the cathedral was completed in 1958 and was consecrated as a minor basilica in 1981 by Pope John Paul II.<br/><br/> Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The present St. Paul Cathedral was built in 1641. There had been a more modest wood and thatched chapel built on the same site in 1574, but it twice suffered the ravages of earthquakes, first in 1619 and then just a few years later in 1627.<br/><br/> The City of Vigan is the capital of the Province of Ilocos Sur and located on the western coast of the island of Luzon.<br/><br/> Vigan is the only surviving historic city in the Philippines that dates back to the 15th century Spanish colonial period. The town was also an important trading post in pre-colonial times with a community of Chinese traders from Fujian settled in the area.<br/><br/> Today it has been awarded UNESCO World Heritage Site status acknowledging that it is one of the few Hispanic towns left in the Philippines, and is well-known for its cobblestone streets, and a unique architecture that fuses Philippine and Oriental building designs and construction, with colonial European architecture.
The City of Vigan is the capital of the Province of Ilocos Sur and located on the western coast of the island of Luzon.<br/><br/> Vigan is the only surviving historic city in the Philippines that dates back to the 15th century Spanish colonial period. The town was also an important trading post in pre-colonial times with a community of Chinese traders from Fujian settled in the area.<br/><br/> Today it has been awarded UNESCO World Heritage Site status acknowledging that it is one of the few Hispanic towns left in the Philippines, and is well-known for its cobblestone streets, and a unique architecture that fuses Philippine and Oriental building designs and construction, with colonial European architecture.
Oriental carpets more than two centuries old have rarely survived and are rarely represented in Islamic Art since Sunni Islam (and to a lesser extent Shia) eschews representational art in favour of precisely the repetetive geometric symbols and arabesques found, for example, in oriental carpets.<br/><br/> This means that most examples of 17th century and earlier oriental carpets, mainly produced in Muslim lands, are only to be found in paintings from Christian lands where rich oriental carpets were associated with wealth, power and taste.<br/><br/> Such carpets featured as an important decorative feature in paintings from the 14th century onwards, leading to the dichotomy that there are more depictions of oriental carpets produced before the 17th century in European paintings than there are actual oriental carpets surviving from the same period.<br/><br/> Because of this European paintings have proved an invaluable source of reference for the study of the history of carpetmaking and carpets.
Saint Anne (also Ann or Anna, from Hebrew Hannah ×—Ö·× Ö¸Ö¼×”, meaning 'favour' or 'grace') of David's house and line, was the mother of the Virgin Mary and grandmother of Jesus Christ according to Christian and Islamic tradition.<br/><br/> The English name Anne is derived from Greek rendering of her Hebrew name Hannah. Mary's mother is not named in the canonical gospels or the Qur'an, and her name and that of her husband Joachim come only from New Testament apocrypha, of which the Protoevangelium of James, written perhaps around 150 CE, seems to be the earliest that mentions them.
KÄlÄ« is the Hindu goddess associated with eternal energy. 'She who destroys'. The name Kali comes from kÄla, which means black, time, death, lord of death, Shiva. Kali means 'the black one'. Since Shiva is called KÄla - the eternal time, KÄlÄ«, his consort, also means 'Time' or 'Death' (as in time has come). Hence, Kali is considered the goddess of time and change.<br/><br/> Although sometimes presented as dark and violent, her earliest incarnation as a figure of annihilation still has some influence. Various Shakta Hindu cosmologies, as well as Shakta Tantric beliefs, worship her as the ultimate reality or Brahman. She is also revered as Bhavatarini (literally 'redeemer of the universe').<br/><br/> Kali is represented as the consort of Lord Shiva, on whose body she is often seen standing. She is associated with many other Hindu goddesses like Durga, Bhadrakali, Sati, Rudrani, Parvati and Chamunda. She is the foremost among the Dasa Mahavidyas, ten fierce Tantric goddesses.
The Kumari Bahal is the residence of the so-called 'Living Goddess'. The building was erected about 1760-62 by King Jayaprakasha Malla in order to accommodate the Kumari Devi, or 'Virgin Goddess', supposed to be the living incarnation of goddess Taleju.<br/><br/> Designed more like a house than a temple, the Kumari Bahal is built around a central courtyard, called Kumari Chowk, the 'Courtyard of the Kumari'. The most notable feature of the building is its wooden windows, expertly carved with a profusion of ornaments and deities.<br/><br/> Each day in the afternoon, large crowds gather in the courtyard to witness the Kumari’s short appearance at her window, accompanied by a female guardian or priestess.