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William (Wilhelm) Heine was the official artist of Commodore Matthew C. Perry's' Black Ships' expedition to Japan in 1853-54.<br/><br/> On returning to the United States, he produced a series of prints depicting the trip. This project employed the New York lithographic firm of Sarony, at that time probably the most skilled craftsmen in their profession in the United States.
The First Anglo-Chinese War (1839–42), known popularly as the First Opium War or simply the Opium War, was fought between the United Kingdom and the Qing Dynasty of China over their conflicting viewpoints on diplomatic relations, trade, and the administration of justice.<br/><br/> Chinese officials wished to stop what was perceived as an outflow of silver and to control the spread of opium, and confiscated supplies of opium from British traders. The British government, although not officially denying China's right to control imports, objected to this seizure and used its newly developed military power to enforce violent redress.<br/><br/> In 1842, the Treaty of Nanking—the first of what the Chinese later called the unequal treaties—granted an indemnity to Britain, the opening of five treaty ports, and the cession of Hong Kong Island, thereby ending the trade monopoly of the Canton System. The failure of the treaty to satisfy British goals of improved trade and diplomatic relations led to the Second Opium War (1856–60). The war is now considered in China as the beginning of modern Chinese history.
Pazhou Pagoda (Chinese: 琶洲塔; pinyin: Pázhōu tǎ), also called Whampoa Pagoda by the westerners, is an ancient Chinese Pagoda located in Haizhu District, Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong province, China.<br/><br/> Constgruction of the Pazhou Pagoda started in 1597 and was completed in 1600. The pagoda is situated on a knoll at the south bank of the Pearl River. Although it was built as a Buddhist landmark, it was also a useful navigation point for merchant ships travelling to Canton (Guangzhou).<br/><br/> It is an octagonal tower with 9 main sections and 17 sub sections. The tower stands at about 59 metres and has a diameter at the base of 12.7 metres. It covers a total area of 111 square metres.
Zhou Enlai was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from October 1949 until his death in January 1976. Zhou was instrumental in the Communist Party's rise to power, and subsequently in the development of the Chinese economy and restructuring of Chinese society.
Huangpu, formerly transcribed as Whampoa, is one of the ten districts in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, People's Republic of China.<br/><br/> Huangpu was the dock area and waterfront for many European cargo vessels trading with China in the 18th century, such as those associated with the Maritime Fur Trade and Old China Trade. During the First Opium War, the Battle of Whampoa was fought between British and Chinese forces on 2 March 1841. The Whampoa Military Academy was founded in 1924.