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Japan: 'Western Traders at Yokohama Transporting Merchandise'. Detail of triptych print by Utagawa Sadahide (1807-1878/1879), 1861. Utagawa Sadahide, also known as Gountei Sadahide, was a Japanese artist best known for his prints in the <i>ukiyo-e</i> style as a member of the Utagawa school. His prints covered a wide variety of genres; amongst his best known are his <i>Yokohama-e</i> pictures of foreigners in Yokohama in the 1860s, a period when he was a best-selling artist. He was a member of the Tokugawa shogunate's delegation to the International Exposition of 1867 in Paris.
Japan: 'Banquet at a Foreign Mercantile House in Yokohama'. Woodblock print by Utagawa Sadahide (1807-1878/1879), 1861. Utagawa Sadahide, also known as Gountei Sadahide, was a Japanese artist best known for his prints in the <i>ukiyo-e</i> style as a member of the Utagawa school. His prints covered a wide variety of genres; amongst his best known are his <i>Yokohama-e</i> pictures of foreigners in Yokohama in the 1860s, a period when he was a best-selling artist. He was a member of the Tokugawa shogunate's delegation to the International Exposition of 1867 in Paris.
Japan: 'Russians enjoying themselves on Sunday in Yokohama'. Woodblock print by Utagawa Sadahide (1807-1878/1879), 1861. Utagawa Sadahide, also known as Gountei Sadahide, was a Japanese artist best known for his prints in the <i>ukiyo-e</i> style as a member of the Utagawa school. His prints covered a wide variety of genres; amongst his best known are his <i>Yokohama-e</i> pictures of foreigners in Yokohama in the 1860s, a period when he was a best-selling artist. He was a member of the Tokugawa shogunate's delegation to the International Exposition of 1867 in Paris.
Japan: 'Foreigners in Yokohama draw up a contract in Mercantile House'. Woodblock print by Utagawa Sadahide (1807-1878/1879), 1861. Utagawa Sadahide, also known as Gountei Sadahide, was a Japanese artist best known for his prints in the <i>ukiyo-e</i> style as a member of the Utagawa school. His prints covered a wide variety of genres; amongst his best known are his <i>Yokohama-e</i> pictures of foreigners in Yokohama in the 1860s, a period when he was a best-selling artist. He was a member of the Tokugawa shogunate's delegation to the International Exposition of 1867 in Paris.
Japan: 'Commodore Perry meeting the Imperial Commissioners at Yokohama'. Lithograph by W.T. Petris, 1856. The Perry Expedition was a U.S. naval and diplomatic expedition to Japan, involving two separate trips to and from Japan by ships of the United States Navy, which took place during 1853–54. The expedition was commanded by Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry (1794–1858). It resulted in the opening of Japan to American and international trade, and the establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and the western 'Great Powers'.
Japanese woodblock print showing an Englishman dancing while a Japanese woman - in fact a courtesan or prostitute, identified by her elaborate coiffure and hair pins - plays the shamisen, Yokohama, Japan<br/><br/> Utagawa Yoshitora was a designer of <i>ukiyo-e</i> Japanese woodblock prints and an illustrator of books and newspapers who was active from about 1850 to about 1880. He was born in Edo (modern Tokyo), but neither his date of birth nor date of death is known. He was the oldest pupil of Utagawa Kuniyoshi who excelled in prints of warriors, kabuki actors, beautiful women, and foreigners (<i>Yokohama-e</i>).
Japanese triptych print shows the interior of a foreign settlement house with several women and men enjoying a tea party, and a view of ships in the harbor in the background, Yokohama, Japan.<br/><br/> Utagawa Yoshitora was a designer of <i>ukiyo-e</i> Japanese woodblock prints and an illustrator of books and newspapers who was active from about 1850 to about 1880. He was born in Edo (modern Tokyo), but neither his date of birth nor date of death is known. He was the oldest pupil of Utagawa Kuniyoshi who excelled in prints of warriors, kabuki actors, beautiful women, and foreigners (<i>Yokohama-e</i>).
Japanese triptych print shows the interior of a foreign settlement house with several women and men enjoying a tea party, and a view of ships in the harbor in the background, Yokohama, Japan.<br/><br/> Utagawa Yoshitora was a designer of <i>ukiyo-e</i> Japanese woodblock prints and an illustrator of books and newspapers who was active from about 1850 to about 1880. He was born in Edo (modern Tokyo), but neither his date of birth nor date of death is known. He was the oldest pupil of Utagawa Kuniyoshi who excelled in prints of warriors, kabuki actors, beautiful women, and foreigners (<i>Yokohama-e</i>).
Japanese print showing an American family, the husband stands nearby while his wife breast-feeds an infant.<br/><br/> Utagawa Yoshitora was a designer of <i>ukiyo-e</i> Japanese woodblock prints and an illustrator of books and newspapers who was active from about 1850 to about 1880. He was born in Edo (modern Tokyo), but neither his date of birth nor date of death is known. He was the oldest pupil of Utagawa Kuniyoshi who excelled in prints of warriors, kabuki actors, beautiful women, and foreigners (<i>Yokohama-e</i>).
The Pacific War, also sometimes called the Asia-Pacific War, refers broadly to the parts of World War II that took place in the Pacific Ocean, its islands, and in the Far East. The term Pacific War is used to encompass the Pacific Ocean theatre, the South West Pacific theatre, the South-East Asian theatre and the Second Sino-Japanese War, also including the 1945 Soviet-Japanese conflict.<br/><br/> It is generally considered that the Pacific War began on 7/8 December 1941 with the Japanese invasion of Thailand for the invasion of British Malaya, and the attack on Pearl Harbor in the United States' Territory of Hawaii by the Empire of Japan.<br/><br/> The Pacific War saw the Allied powers against the Empire of Japan, the latter briefly aided by Thailand and to lesser extent by its Axis allies Germany and Italy. The war culminated in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and other large aerial bombing attacks by the United States Army Air Forces, accompanied by the Soviet invasion of Manchuria on 8 August 1945, resulting in the surrender of Japan and the end of fighting during World War II on 15 August 1945. The formal and official surrender of Japan occurred aboard the battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay on 2 September 1945
Prostitution in Japan has existed throughout the country's history. The opening of Japan and the subsequent flood of Western influences into Japan brought about a series of changes in the Meiji period. Japanese novelists started to draw attention to the confinement and squalid existence of the lower-class prostitutes in the red-light districts.<br/><br/> 'Shashin Mitate Cho' (essentially, prostitute menus or catalogues) were introduced soon after photography became popular in the late 19th century, at least in more upmarket brothels, as analternative to the 'caged prostitute' displays of lower class brothels where women were displayed for the consideration of customers.
Japanese woodblock print showing a man and a woman standing on the Yokohama docks as a steamboat returns to the pier.<br/><br/> Utagawa Yoshitora was a designer of <i>ukiyo-e</i> Japanese woodblock prints and an illustrator of books and newspapers who was active from about 1850 to about 1880. He was born in Edo (modern Tokyo), but neither his date of birth nor date of death is known. He was the oldest pupil of Utagawa Kuniyoshi who excelled in prints of warriors, kabuki actors, beautiful women, and foreigners (<i>Yokohama-e</i>).
Japanese triptych print shows the interior of a foreign settlement house with several women and men enjoying a tea party, and a view of ships in the harbor in the background, Yokohama, Japan.<br/><br/> Utagawa Yoshitora was a designer of <i>ukiyo-e</i> Japanese woodblock prints and an illustrator of books and newspapers who was active from about 1850 to about 1880. He was born in Edo (modern Tokyo), but neither his date of birth nor date of death is known. He was the oldest pupil of Utagawa Kuniyoshi who excelled in prints of warriors, kabuki actors, beautiful women, and foreigners (<i>Yokohama-e</i>).
Utagawa Yoshitora was a designer of ukiyo-e Japanese woodblock prints and an illustrator of books and newspapers who was active from about 1850 to about 1880. He was born in Edo (modern Tokyo), but neither his date of birth nor date of death is known.<br/><br/> He was an important pupil of Utagawa Kuniyoshi who excelled in prints of warriors, kabuki actors, beautiful women, and foreigners (Yokohama-e).
Japanese woodblock print showing an American couple looking at something in the distance<br/><br/> Utagawa Yoshitora was a designer of <i>ukiyo-e</i> Japanese woodblock prints and an illustrator of books and newspapers who was active from about 1850 to about 1880. He was born in Edo (modern Tokyo), but neither his date of birth nor date of death is known. He was the oldest pupil of Utagawa Kuniyoshi who excelled in prints of warriors, kabuki actors, beautiful women, and foreigners (<i>Yokohama-e</i>).
William (Wilhelm) Heine was the official artist of Commodore Matthew C. Perry's' Black Ships' expedition to Japan in 1853-54.<br/><br/> On returning to the United States, he produced a series of prints depicting the trip. This project employed the New York lithographic firm of Sarony, at that time probably the most skilled craftsmen in their profession in the United States.
Japanese woodblock print showing an American man smoking a cigarette while on horseback.<br/><br/> Utagawa Yoshitora was a designer of <i>ukiyo-e</i> Japanese woodblock prints and an illustrator of books and newspapers who was active from about 1850 to about 1880. He was born in Edo (modern Tokyo), but neither his date of birth nor date of death is known. He was the oldest pupil of Utagawa Kuniyoshi who excelled in prints of warriors, kabuki actors, beautiful women, and foreigners (<i>Yokohama-e</i>).
The Nectarine brothel in Yokohama was a famous house of prostitution also known as No.9 or Jimpuro. Until the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923, Jimpuro was one of the top brothels of the city. It was originally opened in 1872 in Yokohama’s Takashima-cho.<br/><br/> In 1882, Jimpuro moved to the less visible area of Eiraku-cho. A branch specifically for foreigners was opened at the red-light district of Kanagawa’s Nanaken-machi. The brothel was called No. 9, because this was Jimpuro’s original address in Takashima-cho.
Japanese woodblock print showing the American consul with his wife and a colleague at the American consulate in Tokyo.<br/><br/> Utagawa Yoshitora was a designer of </>ukiyo-e</i> Japanese woodblock prints and an illustrator of books and newspapers who was active from about 1850 to about 1880. He was born in Edo (modern Tokyo), but neither his date of birth nor date of death is known. He was the oldest pupil of Utagawa Kuniyoshi who excelled in prints of warriors, kabuki actors, beautiful women, and foreigners (<i>Yokohama-e</i>).
Allied forces conducted many air raids on Japan during World War II, causing extensive destruction to the country's cities and killing between 241,000 and 900,000 people. During the first years of the Pacific War, sparked by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, these attacks were limited to the Doolittle Raid in April 1942 and small-scale raids on military positions in the Kuril Islands from mid-1943.<br/><br/> Strategic bombing raids began in June 1944 and continued until the end of the war in August 1945. Allied naval and land-based tactical air units also attacked Japan during 1945.
Japanese woodblock print showing an American man holding a glass and a Japanese prostitute holding a bottle.<br/><br/> Utagawa Yoshitora was a designer of <i>ukiyo-e</i> Japanese woodblock prints and an illustrator of books and newspapers who was active from about 1850 to about 1880. He was born in Edo (modern Tokyo), but neither his date of birth nor date of death is known. He was the oldest pupil of Utagawa Kuniyoshi who excelled in prints of warriors, kabuki actors, beautiful women, and foreigners (<i>Yokohama-e</i>).
The Nectarine brothel in Yokohama was a famous house of prostitution also known as No.9 or Jimpuro. Until the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923, Jimpuro was one of the top brothels of the city. It was originally opened in 1872 in Yokohama’s Takashima-cho.<br/><br/> In 1882, Jimpuro moved to the less visible area of Eiraku-cho. A branch specifically for foreigners was opened at the red-light district of Kanagawa’s Nanaken-machi. The brothel was called No. 9, because this was Jimpuro’s original address in Takashima-cho.
Yakuza, also known as Gokudo, are members of transnational organized crime syndicates originating in Japan. The Japanese police, and media by request of the police, call them <i>boryokudan</i> ('violent groups'), while the yakuza call themselves<i>ninkyo danta</i> ('chivalrous organizations').<br/><br/> Although yakuza membership has declined following an anti-gang law aimed specifically at yakuza and passed by the Japanese government in 1992, there are thought to be more than 58,000 active yakuza members in Japan today.
Prostitution in Japan has existed throughout the country's history. The opening of Japan and the subsequent flood of Western influences into Japan brought about a series of changes in the Meiji period. Japanese novelists started to draw attention to the confinement and squalid existence of the lower-class prostitutes in the red-light districts.<br/><br/> 'Shashin Mitate Cho' (essentially, prostitute menus or catalogues) were introduced soon after photography became popular in the late 19th century, at least in more upmarket brothels, as analternative to the 'caged prostitute' displays of lower class brothels where women were displayed for the consideration of customers.
Japanese woodblock print showing two American sailors; the print includes text about America by Kanagaki Robun.<br/><br/> Utagawa Yoshitora was a designer of <i>ukiyo-e</i> Japanese woodblock prints and an illustrator of books and newspapers who was active from about 1850 to about 1880. He was born in Edo (modern Tokyo), but neither his date of birth nor date of death is known. He was the oldest pupil of Utagawa Kuniyoshi who excelled in prints of warriors, kabuki actors, beautiful women, and foreigners (<i>Yokohama-e</i>).
The Nectarine brothel in Yokohama was a famous house of prostitution also known as No.9 or Jimpuro. Until the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923, Jimpuro was one of the top brothels of the city. It was originally opened in 1872 in Yokohama’s Takashima-cho.<br/><br/> In 1882, Jimpuro moved to the less visible area of Eiraku-cho. A branch specifically for foreigners was opened at the red-light district of Kanagawa’s Nanaken-machi. The brothel was called No. 9, because this was Jimpuro’s original address in Takashima-cho.
Japanese woodblock print showing an American couple conversing; their conversation is translated into Japanese.<br/><br/> Utagawa Yoshitora was a designer of <i>ukiyo-e</i> Japanese woodblock prints and an illustrator of books and newspapers who was active from about 1850 to about 1880. He was born in Edo (modern Tokyo), but neither his date of birth nor date of death is known. He was the oldest pupil of Utagawa Kuniyoshi who excelled in prints of warriors, kabuki actors, beautiful women, and foreigners (<i>Yokohama-e</i>).
Prostitution in Japan has existed throughout the country's history. The opening of Japan and the subsequent flood of Western influences into Japan brought about a series of changes in the Meiji period. Japanese novelists started to draw attention to the confinement and squalid existence of the lower-class prostitutes in the red-light districts.<br/><br/> 'Shashin Mitate Cho' (essentially, prostitute menus or catalogues) were introduced soon after photography became popular in the late 19th century, at least in more upmarket brothels, as an alternative to the 'caged prostitute' displays of lower class brothels where women were displayed for the consideration of customers.
Prostitution in Japan has existed throughout the country's history. The opening of Japan and the subsequent flood of Western influences into Japan brought about a series of changes in the Meiji period. Japanese novelists started to draw attention to the confinement and squalid existence of the lower-class prostitutes in the red-light districts.<br/><br/> 'Shashin Mitate Cho' (essentially, prostitute menus or catalogues) were introduced soon after photography became popular in the late 19th century, at least in more upmarket brothels, as analternative to the 'caged prostitute' displays of lower class brothels where women were displayed for the consideration of customers.
Prostitution in Japan has existed throughout the country's history. The opening of Japan and the subsequent flood of Western influences into Japan brought about a series of changes in the Meiji period. Japanese novelists started to draw attention to the confinement and squalid existence of the lower-class prostitutes in the red-light districts.<br/><br/> 'Shashin Mitate Cho' (essentially, prostitute menus or catalogues) were introduced soon after photography became popular in the late 19th century, at least in more upmarket brothels, as analternative to the 'caged prostitute' displays of lower class brothels where women were displayed for the consideration of customers.
Kusakabe Kimbei (日下部 金兵衛) (1841 — 1934) was a Japanese photographer. He usually went by his given name, Kimbei, because his clientele, mostly non-Japanese-speaking foreign residents and visitors, found it easier to pronounce than his family name.<br/><br/> Kusakabe Kimbei worked with Felice Beato and Baron Raimund von Stillfried as a photographic colourist and assistant before opening his own workshop in Yokohama in 1881 in the Benten-dōri quarter, and from 1889 operating in the Honmachi quarter. He also opened a branch in the Ginza quarter of Tokyo.<br/><br/> Around 1885, he acquired the negatives of Felice Beato and of Stillfried, as well as those of Uchida Kuichi. Kusakabe also acquired some of Ueno Hikoma's negatives of Nagasaki.
Prostitution in Japan has existed throughout the country's history. The opening of Japan and the subsequent flood of Western influences into Japan brought about a series of changes in the Meiji period. Japanese novelists started to draw attention to the confinement and squalid existence of the lower-class prostitutes in the red-light districts.<br/><br/> 'Shashin Mitate Cho' (essentially, prostitute menus or catalogues) were introduced soon after photography became popular in the late 19th century, at least in more upmarket brothels, as an alternative to the 'caged prostitute' displays of lower class brothels where women were displayed for the consideration of customers.
Prostitution in Japan has existed throughout the country's history. The opening of Japan and the subsequent flood of Western influences into Japan brought about a series of changes in the Meiji period. Japanese novelists started to draw attention to the confinement and squalid existence of the lower-class prostitutes in the red-light districts.<br/><br/> 'Shashin Mitate Cho' (essentially, prostitute menus or catalogues) were introduced soon after photography became popular in the late 19th century, at least in more upmarket brothels, as analternative to the 'caged prostitute' displays of lower class brothels where women were displayed for the consideration of customers.
Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (Japanese: 富士三十六景; Fuji Sanjū-Rokkei) is the title of two series of woodblock prints by the Japanese ukiyo-e artist Andō Hiroshige, depicting Mount Fuji in differing seasons and weather conditions from a variety of different places and distances. The 1852 series are in landscape orientation; the 1858 series are in portrait orientation.<br/><br/> Utagawa Hiroshige (歌川 広重, 1797 – October 12, 1858) was a Japanese ukiyo-e artist, and one of the last great artists in that tradition. He was also referred to as Andō Hiroshige (安藤 広重) (an irregular combination of family name and art name) and by the art name of Ichiyūsai Hiroshige (一幽斎廣重).
The Great Kantō earthquake (関東大震災 Kantō daishinsai) struck the Kantō Plain on the Japanese main island of Honshū at 11:58 in the morning on Saturday, September 1, 1923. Varied accounts indicate the duration of the earthquake was between four and 10 minutes. The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake later surpassed that record, at magnitude 9.0.<br/><br/> The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.9 on the Moment magnitude scale (Mw), with its focus deep beneath Izu Ōshima Island in the Sagami Bay. The cause was a rupture of part of the convergent boundary where the Philippine Sea Plate is subducting beneath the Okhotsk Plate along the line of the Sagami Trough.<br/><br/> This earthquake devastated Tokyo, the port city of Yokohama, and the surrounding prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka, and caused widespread damage throughout the Kantō region. The power was so great in Kamakura, over 60 km (37 mi) from the epicenter, it moved the Great Buddha statue, which weighs about 93 short tons (84,000 kg), almost two feet.<br/><br/> Estimated casualties totaled about 142,800 deaths, including about 40,000 who went missing and were presumed dead. The damage from this natural disaster was the greatest sustained by prewar Japan. In 1960, the government declared September 1, the anniversary of the quake, as an annual 'Disaster Prevention Day'.<br/><br/> According to the Japanese conclusive report, 105,385 deaths were confirmed in the 1923 quake.
A domestic portrait outside the house at Yokohama Yamate-cho 59: Charles Soong is standing second from left. Front row from left: Song Zian, Soong Ching-ling, Ni Gui Zhen, Song Ai-ling. Standing behind Song Ailing is a young H.H. Kung. The couple would marry in Yokohama on September 20 1914.
Exposition poster art in Japan between approximately 1925 and 1941 mirrors the rapid militarisation of society and the growth of militarism, statism and fascism during the Showa Era.<br/><br/> In the 1920s expo poster art features elements of modern art and even Art Deco. Themes are whimsical and outward looking, representing Japan's growing importance and influence in the world of international commerce and art. By the 1930s this kind of poster art had grown much more bleak, less concerned with human themes and more directed towards statism and social control. Feminine imagery disappears to be replaced by wheels of industry, with distinct similarities to contemporary Nazi art in Fascist Germany.<br/><br/> From the outbreak of full scale hostilities with China through to Pearl Harbour and Japan's entry into World War II, ponderous, heavy machinery, marching soldiers, menacing guns and above all bomber aircraft combine to give the posters a crushing, inhuman, Orwellian aspect. This epitomises Japanese fascist art of the Showa Period.
Prostitution in Japan has existed throughout the country's history. The opening of Japan and the subsequent flood of Western influences into Japan brought about a series of changes in the Meiji period. Japanese novelists started to draw attention to the confinement and squalid existence of the lower-class prostitutes in the red-light districts.<br/><br/> 'Shashin Mitate Cho' (essentially, prostitute menus or catalogues) were introduced soon after photography became popular in the late 19th century, at least in more upmarket brothels, as analternative to the 'caged prostitute' displays of lower class brothels where women were displayed for the consideration of customers.
Prostitution in Japan has existed throughout the country's history. The opening of Japan and the subsequent flood of Western influences into Japan brought about a series of changes in the Meiji period. Japanese novelists started to draw attention to the confinement and squalid existence of the lower-class prostitutes in the red-light districts.<br/><br/> 'Shashin Mitate Cho' (essentially, prostitute menus or catalogues) were introduced soon after photography became popular in the late 19th century, at least in more upmarket brothels, as analternative to the 'caged prostitute' displays of lower class brothels where women were displayed for the consideration of customers.