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When Yongzheng was still a prince, he commissioned a beautiful set of paintings for the purpose of decorating a screen in the Deep Willows Reading Hall, a study within his private quarters at the Summer Palace.<br/><br/> An imperial garden to the northwest of Beijing, the Summer Palace was presented to the young prince in 1709 by his father the Kangxi emperor (r. 1662-1722). An item found in the archives of the Internal Affairs Department notes that in the eighth month of 1732, ten years into Yongzheng's reign as emperor, the twelve paintings were removed from the screen and individually stored.<br/><br/> The record suggests that the scenes in these paintings show the Summer Palace as it looked when it was relatively new, before the lavish expansions that were undertaken later in the eighteenth century.
When Yongzheng was still a prince, he commissioned a beautiful set of paintings for the purpose of decorating a screen in the Deep Willows Reading Hall, a study within his private quarters at the Summer Palace.<br/><br/> An imperial garden to the northwest of Beijing, the Summer Palace was presented to the young prince in 1709 by his father the Kangxi emperor (r. 1662-1722). An item found in the archives of the Internal Affairs Department notes that in the eighth month of 1732, ten years into Yongzheng's reign as emperor, the twelve paintings were removed from the screen and individually stored.<br/><br/> The record suggests that the scenes in these paintings show the Summer Palace as it looked when it was relatively new, before the lavish expansions that were undertaken later in the eighteenth century.
When Yongzheng was still a prince, he commissioned a beautiful set of paintings for the purpose of decorating a screen in the Deep Willows Reading Hall, a study within his private quarters at the Summer Palace.<br/><br/> An imperial garden to the northwest of Beijing, the Summer Palace was presented to the young prince in 1709 by his father the Kangxi emperor (r. 1662-1722). An item found in the archives of the Internal Affairs Department notes that in the eighth month of 1732, ten years into Yongzheng's reign as emperor, the twelve paintings were removed from the screen and individually stored.<br/><br/> The record suggests that the scenes in these paintings show the Summer Palace as it looked when it was relatively new, before the lavish expansions that were undertaken later in the eighteenth century.
When Yongzheng was still a prince, he commissioned a beautiful set of paintings for the purpose of decorating a screen in the Deep Willows Reading Hall, a study within his private quarters at the Summer Palace.<br/><br/> An imperial garden to the northwest of Beijing, the Summer Palace was presented to the young prince in 1709 by his father the Kangxi emperor (r. 1662-1722). An item found in the archives of the Internal Affairs Department notes that in the eighth month of 1732, ten years into Yongzheng's reign as emperor, the twelve paintings were removed from the screen and individually stored.<br/><br/> The record suggests that the scenes in these paintings show the Summer Palace as it looked when it was relatively new, before the lavish expansions that were undertaken later in the eighteenth century.
When Yongzheng was still a prince, he commissioned a beautiful set of paintings for the purpose of decorating a screen in the Deep Willows Reading Hall, a study within his private quarters at the Summer Palace.<br/><br/> An imperial garden to the northwest of Beijing, the Summer Palace was presented to the young prince in 1709 by his father the Kangxi emperor (r. 1662-1722). An item found in the archives of the Internal Affairs Department notes that in the eighth month of 1732, ten years into Yongzheng's reign as emperor, the twelve paintings were removed from the screen and individually stored.<br/><br/> The record suggests that the scenes in these paintings show the Summer Palace as it looked when it was relatively new, before the lavish expansions that were undertaken later in the eighteenth century.
When Yongzheng was still a prince, he commissioned a beautiful set of paintings for the purpose of decorating a screen in the Deep Willows Reading Hall, a study within his private quarters at the Summer Palace.<br/><br/> An imperial garden to the northwest of Beijing, the Summer Palace was presented to the young prince in 1709 by his father the Kangxi emperor (r. 1662-1722). An item found in the archives of the Internal Affairs Department notes that in the eighth month of 1732, ten years into Yongzheng's reign as emperor, the twelve paintings were removed from the screen and individually stored.<br/><br/> The record suggests that the scenes in these paintings show the Summer Palace as it looked when it was relatively new, before the lavish expansions that were undertaken later in the eighteenth century.
When Yongzheng was still a prince, he commissioned a beautiful set of paintings for the purpose of decorating a screen in the Deep Willows Reading Hall, a study within his private quarters at the Summer Palace.<br/><br/> An imperial garden to the northwest of Beijing, the Summer Palace was presented to the young prince in 1709 by his father the Kangxi emperor (r. 1662-1722). An item found in the archives of the Internal Affairs Department notes that in the eighth month of 1732, ten years into Yongzheng's reign as emperor, the twelve paintings were removed from the screen and individually stored.<br/><br/> The record suggests that the scenes in these paintings show the Summer Palace as it looked when it was relatively new, before the lavish expansions that were undertaken later in the eighteenth century.
When Yongzheng was still a prince, he commissioned a beautiful set of paintings for the purpose of decorating a screen in the Deep Willows Reading Hall, a study within his private quarters at the Summer Palace.<br/><br/> An imperial garden to the northwest of Beijing, the Summer Palace was presented to the young prince in 1709 by his father the Kangxi emperor (r. 1662-1722). An item found in the archives of the Internal Affairs Department notes that in the eighth month of 1732, ten years into Yongzheng's reign as emperor, the twelve paintings were removed from the screen and individually stored.<br/><br/> The record suggests that the scenes in these paintings show the Summer Palace as it looked when it was relatively new, before the lavish expansions that were undertaken later in the eighteenth century.
When Yongzheng was still a prince, he commissioned a beautiful set of paintings for the purpose of decorating a screen in the Deep Willows Reading Hall, a study within his private quarters at the Summer Palace.<br/><br/> An imperial garden to the northwest of Beijing, the Summer Palace was presented to the young prince in 1709 by his father the Kangxi emperor (r. 1662-1722). An item found in the archives of the Internal Affairs Department notes that in the eighth month of 1732, ten years into Yongzheng's reign as emperor, the twelve paintings were removed from the screen and individually stored.<br/><br/> The record suggests that the scenes in these paintings show the Summer Palace as it looked when it was relatively new, before the lavish expansions that were undertaken later in the eighteenth century.
When Yongzheng was still a prince, he commissioned a beautiful set of paintings for the purpose of decorating a screen in the Deep Willows Reading Hall, a study within his private quarters at the Summer Palace.<br/><br/> An imperial garden to the northwest of Beijing, the Summer Palace was presented to the young prince in 1709 by his father the Kangxi emperor (r. 1662-1722). An item found in the archives of the Internal Affairs Department notes that in the eighth month of 1732, ten years into Yongzheng's reign as emperor, the twelve paintings were removed from the screen and individually stored.<br/><br/> The record suggests that the scenes in these paintings show the Summer Palace as it looked when it was relatively new, before the lavish expansions that were undertaken later in the eighteenth century.
When Yongzheng was still a prince, he commissioned a beautiful set of paintings for the purpose of decorating a screen in the Deep Willows Reading Hall, a study within his private quarters at the Summer Palace.<br/><br/> An imperial garden to the northwest of Beijing, the Summer Palace was presented to the young prince in 1709 by his father the Kangxi emperor (r. 1662-1722). An item found in the archives of the Internal Affairs Department notes that in the eighth month of 1732, ten years into Yongzheng's reign as emperor, the twelve paintings were removed from the screen and individually stored.<br/><br/> The record suggests that the scenes in these paintings show the Summer Palace as it looked when it was relatively new, before the lavish expansions that were undertaken later in the eighteenth century.
When Yongzheng was still a prince, he commissioned a beautiful set of paintings for the purpose of decorating a screen in the Deep Willows Reading Hall, a study within his private quarters at the Summer Palace.<br/><br/> An imperial garden to the northwest of Beijing, the Summer Palace was presented to the young prince in 1709 by his father the Kangxi emperor (r. 1662-1722). An item found in the archives of the Internal Affairs Department notes that in the eighth month of 1732, ten years into Yongzheng's reign as emperor, the twelve paintings were removed from the screen and individually stored.<br/><br/> The record suggests that the scenes in these paintings show the Summer Palace as it looked when it was relatively new, before the lavish expansions that were undertaken later in the eighteenth century.
The Yongzheng Emperor (13 December 1678 - 8 October 1735), was the fifth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the third Qing emperor to rule over China proper, from 1722 to 1735. A hard-working ruler, Yongzheng's main goal was to create an effective government at minimum expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng used military force in order to preserve the dynasty's position.<br/><br/> Suspected by historians to have usurped the throne, his reign was often called despotic, efficient, and vigorous. Although Yongzheng's reign was much shorter than the reigns of both his father, the Kangxi Emperor, and his son, the Qianlong Emperor, his sudden death was probably brought about by his workload. Yongzheng continued an era of continued peace and prosperity as he cracked down on corruption and waste, and reformed the financial administration.
Aisin-Gioro Yinli was the seventeenth son of the Qing Dynasty Kangxi Emperor. Prince Yinli was born on March 2 during the thirty-sixth year of Emperor Kangxi's reign, his mother was the Imperial Consort Chunyuqin of the Chen Clan. When Yinli's half-brother, the Yongzheng Emperor ascended to the throne, Prince Yinli was granted the title of Prince Guo and was also given the tasks of administrating the institution of scholars.<br/><br/> During the third year of Emperor Yongzheng's reign, Prince Yinli was given a higher salary due to his honesty and diligence. In February during the sixth year of Emperor Yongzheng's reign, Yinli was promoted to a Duke. In the following years, Prince Yinli was appointed to the Grand Council (1735–1736) and given even more tasks, including escorting the Dalai Lamas back to Tibet, and to inspect the soldiers along the route. He was also a Tibetan Buddhist patron and scholar.<br/><br/> When the Emperor fell seriously ill, Prince Yinli was given the task of supporting the new emperor, Qianlong. When he ascended to the throne, Yinli was given more power and more responsibilities with commensurate recognition.
Aisin-Gioro Yinli was the seventeenth son of the Qing Dynasty Kangxi Emperor. Prince Yinli was born on March 2 during the thirty-sixth year of Emperor Kangxi's reign, his mother was the Imperial Consort Chunyuqin of the Chen Clan. When Yinli's half-brother, the Yongzheng Emperor ascended to the throne, Prince Yinli was granted the title of Prince Guo and was also given the tasks of administrating the institution of scholars.<br/><br/> During the third year of Emperor Yongzheng's reign, Prince Yinli was given a higher salary due to his honesty and diligence. In February during the sixth year of Emperor Yongzheng's reign, Yinli was promoted to a Duke. In the following years, Prince Yinli was appointed to the Grand Council (1735–1736) and given even more tasks, including escorting the Dalai Lamas back to Tibet, and to inspect the soldiers along the route. He was also a Tibetan Buddhist patron and scholar.<br/><br/> When the Emperor fell seriously ill, Prince Yinli was given the task of supporting the new emperor, Qianlong. When he ascended to the throne, Yinli was given more power and more responsibilities with commensurate recognition.
Aisin-Gioro Yinli was the seventeenth son of the Qing Dynasty Kangxi Emperor. Prince Yinli was born on March 2 during the thirty-sixth year of Emperor Kangxi's reign, his mother was the Imperial Consort Chunyuqin of the Chen Clan. When Yinli's half-brother, the Yongzheng Emperor ascended to the throne, Prince Yinli was granted the title of Prince Guo and was also given the tasks of administrating the institution of scholars.<br/><br/> During the third year of Emperor Yongzheng's reign, Prince Yinli was given a higher salary due to his honesty and diligence. In February during the sixth year of Emperor Yongzheng's reign, Yinli was promoted to a Duke. In the following years, Prince Yinli was appointed to the Grand Council (1735–1736) and given even more tasks, including escorting the Dalai Lamas back to Tibet, and to inspect the soldiers along the route. He was also a Tibetan Buddhist patron and scholar.<br/><br/> When the Emperor fell seriously ill, Prince Yinli was given the task of supporting the new emperor, Qianlong. When he ascended to the throne, Yinli was given more power and more responsibilities with commensurate recognition.
The Yongzheng Emperor (13 December 1678 – 8 October 1735), was the fourth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the third Qing emperor to rule over China proper, from 1722 to 1735. A hard-working ruler, Yongzheng's main goal was to create an effective government at minimum expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng used military force in order to preserve the dynasty's position.<br/><br/> Suspected by historians to have usurped the throne, his reign was often called despotic, efficient, and vigorous. Although Yongzheng's reign was much shorter than the reigns of both his father, the Kangxi Emperor, and his son, the Qianlong Emperor, his sudden death was probably brought about by his workload. Yongzheng continued an era of continued peace and prosperity as he cracked down on corruption and waste, and reformed the financial administration.
The Yongzheng Emperor (13 December 1678 – 8 October 1735), was the fourth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the third Qing emperor to rule over China proper, from 1722 to 1735. A hard-working ruler, Yongzheng's main goal was to create an effective government at minimum expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng used military force in order to preserve the dynasty's position.<br/><br/> Suspected by historians to have usurped the throne, his reign was often called despotic, efficient, and vigorous. Although Yongzheng's reign was much shorter than the reigns of both his father, the Kangxi Emperor, and his son, the Qianlong Emperor, his sudden death was probably brought about by his workload. Yongzheng continued an era of continued peace and prosperity as he cracked down on corruption and waste, and reformed the financial administration.
The Yongzheng Emperor (13 December 1678 – 8 October 1735), was the fourth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the third Qing emperor to rule over China proper, from 1722 to 1735. A hard-working ruler, Yongzheng's main goal was to create an effective government at minimum expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng used military force in order to preserve the dynasty's position.<br/><br/> Suspected by historians to have usurped the throne, his reign was often called despotic, efficient, and vigorous. Although Yongzheng's reign was much shorter than the reigns of both his father, the Kangxi Emperor, and his son, the Qianlong Emperor, his sudden death was probably brought about by his workload. Yongzheng continued an era of continued peace and prosperity as he cracked down on corruption and waste, and reformed the financial administration.
The Yongzheng Emperor (13 December 1678 – 8 October 1735), was the fourth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the third Qing emperor to rule over China proper, from 1722 to 1735. A hard-working ruler, Yongzheng's main goal was to create an effective government at minimum expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng used military force in order to preserve the dynasty's position.<br/><br/> Suspected by historians to have usurped the throne, his reign was often called despotic, efficient, and vigorous. Although Yongzheng's reign was much shorter than the reigns of both his father, the Kangxi Emperor, and his son, the Qianlong Emperor, his sudden death was probably brought about by his workload. Yongzheng continued an era of continued peace and prosperity as he cracked down on corruption and waste, and reformed the financial administration.
The Yongzheng Emperor (13 December 1678 – 8 October 1735), was the fourth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the third Qing emperor to rule over China proper, from 1722 to 1735. A hard-working ruler, Yongzheng's main goal was to create an effective government at minimum expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng used military force in order to preserve the dynasty's position.<br/><br/> Suspected by historians to have usurped the throne, his reign was often called despotic, efficient, and vigorous. Although Yongzheng's reign was much shorter than the reigns of both his father, the Kangxi Emperor, and his son, the Qianlong Emperor, his sudden death was probably brought about by his workload. Yongzheng continued an era of continued peace and prosperity as he cracked down on corruption and waste, and reformed the financial administration.
The Yongzheng Emperor (13 December 1678 – 8 October 1735), was the fourth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the third Qing emperor to rule over China proper, from 1722 to 1735. A hard-working ruler, Yongzheng's main goal was to create an effective government at minimum expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng used military force in order to preserve the dynasty's position.<br/><br/> Suspected by historians to have usurped the throne, his reign was often called despotic, efficient, and vigorous. Although Yongzheng's reign was much shorter than the reigns of both his father, the Kangxi Emperor, and his son, the Qianlong Emperor, his sudden death was probably brought about by his workload. Yongzheng continued an era of continued peace and prosperity as he cracked down on corruption and waste, and reformed the financial administration.
Empress Xiao Sheng Xian was a daughter of Ling Chu, the First Prince Liang Rong of the Manchu yellow banner corps, and granddaughter of Prince Eidu of the Niuhuru Clan. Lady Niuhuru entered the Yongzheng Emperor's household in 1705. In 1711 she gave birth to Prince Hongli, the future Qianlong Emperor. Niuhuru was granted the title of the 'Consort Xi' in 1723. One year later she was granted the title of the 'Noble Consort Xi'. After the death of her husband in 1735, her son Hongli became the new Emperor. She was thus granted the title of the 'Imperial Dowager Empress Chong Qing'.<br/><br/> The Qianlong Emperor often visited his mother. Niuhuru always joined the Emperor on his trips to the North and the South. By all accounts the Dowager Empress was widely respected. When she became too old for travelling, the Emperor stopped and travelled again after her death. The Emperor had great respect for his mother and would often seek her advice. Her sixtieth birthday was lavishly celebrated, poems read in her honour and sacrifices made to the gods by the Emperor and the entire court. Niuhuru died in 1777 at the age of 85 years.
Empress Jing Xian came from the Manchu Yellow banner Ulanara clan. The Ulanara Empress was the daughter of Fiyanggu and was the first Empress Consort of the Qing Dynasty Yongzheng Emperor of China. Empress Xiao Jing Xian was probably born in the twentieth year of Emperor Kangxi's reign. It is written in the memoirs of a court attendant that in 1731 they celebrated the Ulanara Empress's fiftieth birthday.
The Yongzheng Emperor (13 December 1678 - 8 October 1735), was the fifth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the third Qing emperor to rule over China proper, from 1722 to 1735. A hard-working ruler, Yongzheng's main goal was to create an effective government at minimum expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng used military force in order to preserve the dynasty's position.<br/><br/> Suspected by historians to have usurped the throne, his reign was often called despotic, efficient, and vigorous. Although Yongzheng's reign was much shorter than the reigns of both his father, the Kangxi Emperor, and his son, the Qianlong Emperor, his sudden death was probably brought about by his workload. Yongzheng continued an era of continued peace and prosperity as he cracked down on corruption and waste, and reformed the financial administration.
The Yongzheng Emperor (13 December 1678 – 8 October 1735), was the fourth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the third Qing emperor to rule over China proper, from 1722 to 1735. A hard-working ruler, Yongzheng's main goal was to create an effective government at minimum expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng used military force in order to preserve the dynasty's position.<br/><br/> Suspected by historians to have usurped the throne, his reign was often called despotic, efficient, and vigorous. Although Yongzheng's reign was much shorter than the reigns of both his father, the Kangxi Emperor, and his son, the Qianlong Emperor, his sudden death was probably brought about by his workload. Yongzheng continued an era of continued peace and prosperity as he cracked down on corruption and waste, and reformed the financial administration.
Empress Jing Xian came from the Manchu Yellow banner Ulanara clan. The Ulanara Empress was the daughter of Fiyanggu and was the first Empress Consort of the Qing Dynasty Yongzheng Emperor of China. Empress Xiao Jing Xian was probably born in the twentieth year of Emperor Kangxi's reign. It is written in the memoirs of a court attendant that in 1731 they celebrated the Ulanara Empress's fiftieth birthday.
The Yongzheng Emperor (13 December 1678 – 8 October 1735), was the fourth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the third Qing emperor to rule over China proper, from 1722 to 1735. A hard-working ruler, Yongzheng's main goal was to create an effective government at minimum expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng used military force in order to preserve the dynasty's position.<br/><br/> Suspected by historians to have usurped the throne, his reign was often called despotic, efficient, and vigorous. Although Yongzheng's reign was much shorter than the reigns of both his father, the Kangxi Emperor, and his son, the Qianlong Emperor, his sudden death was probably brought about by his workload. Yongzheng continued an era of continued peace and prosperity as he cracked down on corruption and waste, and reformed the financial administration.
The Yongzheng Emperor (13 December 1678 – 8 October 1735), was the fourth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the third Qing emperor to rule over China proper, from 1722 to 1735. A hard-working ruler, Yongzheng's main goal was to create an effective government at minimum expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng used military force in order to preserve the dynasty's position.<br/><br/> Suspected by historians to have usurped the throne, his reign was often called despotic, efficient, and vigorous. Although Yongzheng's reign was much shorter than the reigns of both his father, the Kangxi Emperor, and his son, the Qianlong Emperor, his sudden death was probably brought about by his workload. Yongzheng continued an era of continued peace and prosperity as he cracked down on corruption and waste, and reformed the financial administration.
The Yongzheng Emperor (13 December 1678 – 8 October 1735), was the fourth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the third Qing emperor to rule over China proper, from 1722 to 1735. A hard-working ruler, Yongzheng's main goal was to create an effective government at minimum expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng used military force in order to preserve the dynasty's position. Suspected by historians to have usurped the throne, his reign was often called despotic, efficient, and vigorous. Although Yongzheng's reign was much shorter than the reigns of both his father, the Kangxi Emperor, and his son, the Qianlong Emperor, his sudden death was probably brought about by his workload. Yongzheng continued an era of continued peace and prosperity as he cracked down on corruption and waste, and reformed the financial administration.