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Born in Orange County, North Carolina, July 14, 1853, Marion Alonzo Cheek graduated in medicine from medical school before being recruited by the Presbyterian missionary Daniel McGilvary to work with the protestant mission in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand, in 1874.<br/><br/> Cheek's relationship with McGilvary and the mission soon turned sour, but Cheek - who was more interested in making money and enjoying the good life - soon set himself up as a businessman in the local lumber business and established a succesful medical practice. He resigned from the Presbyterian Mission in 1886, but despite - perhaps because of - establishing a personal harem of around 20 northern Thai women - he incurred increasingly serious debts, becoming bankrupt in 1893.<br/><br/> He became ill with malaria and dysentry in 1895 and took ship for Hong Kong and treatment in June of that year, but he died of an abcess of the liver while still in Thai waters off Si Chang Island, July 4, 1895.
Physical map showing approximate political frontiers in Green. The Shan and Lao states are shown independent of (or tributary to) Siam. Chiang Mai ('Tshien-Mai'and Luang Prabang are both shown lying within the frontiers of a greater Siam,, but the territoryy of Chiang Mai extends further to the northwest, into Burma's Shan State, beyond the Salween River, than it does today. <br/><br/> Cambodia is much curtailed, with Angkor and Battambang part of Siam. Champa is still indicated in southern Vietnam ('Tshampa'), though it finally ceased to exist in 1832. The Lao kingdoms of Luang Prabang, Vientiane (Vien Tscan) and Champassak are all represented as part of Greater Siam. The Anglo-French competition for dominion over the region was just starting, and over the next 30 years Siam would lose much of its territory to the east and Northeast, as well as in the Malayan Peninsula.
A Political map of mainland Southeast Asia including Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam, as well as peninsular Malaysia, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and part of Sumatra. <br/><br/> Published, apparently, just before the 3rd Anglo-Burmese War (1885-86) which would extinguish Burmese independence, it shows 'Independent Burma' in an approximate rectangle around Mandalay. To the east lies the 'Independent Shan Country' encompassing the Burmese Shan States and northern Laos. East of this again is Tonkin, or northern Vietnam, where the 'Independent Tribes' represent the semi-independent Tai domain of Sipsongchuthai, absorbed by the French in 1888 and now a part of Vietnam. <br/><br/> South of this again, the 'Shan States' encompass the former Lan Na Kingdom centred on Chiang Mai to the west, and the Lao kingdoms of Luang Prabang, Vientiane and Champassak to the east. Chiang Mai is no longer shown as extending west of the Salween River, as is the case in some earlier European maps. Interestingly (and culturally, though no longer politically) accurate, Nong Khai and Ubon Ratchathani are shown as part of the Lao states tributary to Siam. <br/><br/> To the south, Bangkok is clearly indicated as the capital of Siam, while Siamese control over more than half of Cambodia, including Angkor Wat and Battambang, is indicated. Cochinchina is shown as a French colony (1862). Siamese control is acknowledged over most of peninsular Malaya, though the nascent British Straits Settlements at Penang and Province Wellesley (1867) are shown.
A detailed and remarkably accurate map of Burma, Siam, Vietnam, Cambodia and Malaya dating from 1886 and showing the rectangle of independent Burma around Mandalay - which was losing its independence to Great Britain in 1885-1886 when the map was published. The Burmese Shan States are shown as under Burmese influence (shortly to be replaced by that of Great Britain), while the (Siamese) 'Shan States' of the former Lan Na Kingdom at Chiang Mai (Zimme) and the Lao Kingdom of Luang Phrabang are shown as de facto tributaries of Siam. <br/><br/> Within the Chiang Mai portion of the Shan States, Zimme (Chiang Mai) includes the territories of Lamphun (Labong), Lampang (Lagong) and Chiang Rai (K. Hai), but Fang and points north are shown as part of the Burmese Shan States. The 'Independent Tribes' region in Tonkin (Tonquin) corresponds to the former White Tai Princedom of Sipsongchuthai, absorbed by the French in 1882 and now a part of Vietnam. <br/><br/> Further south, the former Lao kingdoms of Vien Chan (Vientiane) and Bassac (Champassak) are shown as directly administered Siamese posessions, as is all western and northern Cambodia including Angkor Wat and Battambang. To the south, Siamese possessions extend far into Malaysian Kelantan and Terengganu, and as far south as Kedah. <br/><br/> The map - showing proposed and existing railways - indicated projected rail links between Bangkok and Simao in southern Yunnan via Raheng (Tak) and Jinghong (Kianghung); Between Tak (Rakheng) and Moulmein (Maulmain) linking to the existing British-built track in southern Burma; and north from Tongoo in Burma to Sadiya in Assam, linking Southeast Asia to India by rail. By 2012, more than 125 years after this map was drawn, few of these links had actually been constructed, though several - notably linking southern China with Thailand - are still being planned.
He was the son of Anna Leonowens of Anna and the King of Siam fame and Thomas Leon Owens, a civilian clerk, whom she married in India in 1849. He was born at Lynton near Port Gregory in Western Australia and went to Siam (now Thailand) with his mother in 1862.<br/><br/> He was raised in the Siamese royal palace and was schooled by his mother alongside the royal children until he returned to Europe to complete his education. In 1881, at the age of 27, he returned to Siam and was granted a commission of Captain in the Royal Cavalry by King Chulalongkorn.<br/><br/> Leonowens in 1884 left the military and entered the teak trade. He went on in 1905 to found the Louis Thomas Leonowens Company which became Louis T. Leonowens Ltd, an international trading company. This company remains a leading exporter of Malayan hardwoods and an importer of building materials and general merchandise.<br/><br/> Leonowens became less involved in the operations of the company after 1906 and left Siam for the last time in 1913. Leonowens died in 1919 during the global influenza pandemic. He is buried, with his second wife, in Brompton Cemetery, London.
Herman Moll (c. 1654 – September 22, 1732), was a cartographer, engraver, and publisher. Moll produced his earliest maps from studying cartographers such as John Senex and Emanuel Bowen. He probably sold his first maps from a stall in various places in London. From 1688 he had his own shop in Vanley's Court in London's Blackfriars. Between 1691 and 1710 his business was located at the corner of Spring Gardens and Charing Cross, and he finally moved along the River Thames to Beech Street where he remained until his death.
A German map of mainland Southeast Asia showing Assam, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and part of Sumatra.<br/><br/>The Tanintharyi or Tenasserim region of southern Myanmar is shown as under Siamese (Thai) administration, while the former Lan Na Kingdom, with Chiang Mai ('Janzalayen') as its main city, is shown as tributary to Myanmar / Burma. Both are incorrect, as Tanintharyi passed under British control in 1826, while Lan Na (Chiang Mai) asserted its independence from Burma in 1775.
Sir Robert Hermann Schomburgk (5 June 1804 - 11 March 1865), was a German-born explorer for Great Britain who carried out geographical, ethnological and botanical studies in South America and the West Indies, and also fulfilled diplomatic missions for Great Britain in the Dominican Republic and Thailand.<br/><br/> Schomburgk was born at Freyburg, Prussian Saxony, the son of a Protestant minister. In 1820, while staying with his uncle, he learned botany from a professor.