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Preah Khan (Temple of the Sacred Sword) was built in the late 12th century (1191) by Jayavarman VII and is located just north of Angkor Thom. The temple was built on the site of Jayavarman VII's victory over the invading Chams in 1191. It was the centre of a substantial organisation, with almost 100,000 officials and servants. It served as a Buddhist university at one time. The temple's primary deity is the boddhisatva Avalokiteshvara in the form of Jayavarman's father.
Preah Khan (Temple of the Sacred Sword) was built in the late 12th century (1191) by Jayavarman VII and is located just north of Angkor Thom. The temple was built on the site of Jayavarman VII's victory over the invading Chams in 1191. It was the centre of a substantial organisation, with almost 100,000 officials and servants. It served as a Buddhist university at one time. The temple's primary deity is the boddhisatva Avalokiteshvara in the form of Jayavarman's father.
Fang Bi was a minor character from the classic Ming Dynasty novel 'Fengshen Yanyi'. Her served under King Zhou of Shang as his Chief of Guards in the palace, alongside Fang Xiang. He and Fang Xiang were also known by the names Fang Da and Fang Er, and collectively as the Fang Brothers.<br/><br/> After Queen Jiang's cruel death, the Fang Brothers were included in the private discussions between all the high-ranking officials and Huang Feihu. Decrying King Zhou's madness and cruelty, and refusing to let the king execute his own two sons, they flee the palace with the princes under their arms, charging through the gates and smashing everyone aside with their great brute strength.<br/><br/> Huang Feihu was sent to supposedly subdue the Fang Brothers and returns the princes for execution, but he instead met up with them and planned their escape routes. It was decided that Fang Bi would bring the two young princes with him to the Grand Duke of the East, while Fang Xiang would approach the Grand Duke of the South and ask for troops to avenge the queen's death. After they were successful in their tasks, the Fang Brothers tearfully left and were not heard from again, though they possibly die later on in the story, with two giant ferryman with the exact same names being killed by Heavenly Master Yao Bin, an ally of King Zhou of Shang.
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution, was a socio-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through 1976. Set into motion by Mao Zedong, then Chairman of the Communist Party of China, its stated goal was to enforce socialism in the country by removing capitalist, traditional and cultural elements from Chinese society, and impose Maoist orthodoxy within the Party. <br/><br/> The Cultural Revolution damaged the country on a great scale economically and socially. Millions of people were persecuted in the violent factional struggles that ensued across the country, and suffered a wide range of abuses including torture, rape, imprisonment, sustained harassment, and seizure of property. A large segment of the population was forcibly displaced, most notably the transfer of urban youth to rural regions during the Down to the Countryside Movement. Historical relics and artifacts were destroyed. Cultural and religious sites were ransacked.
The Golden Gate or Sun Dhoka, marks the entry to the Taleju Temple within the palace complex. The gate was built in 1753 by Ranajita Malla (r. 1722 - 1769) and his wife Jayalakshmi to commemorate the performance of a religious fire rite (kotyahuti-yagya), and it turned out to be the finest piece of gilded copper-work in Bhaktapur, possibly in the whole Kathmandu Valley.<br/><br/> Highly ornate in itself, the panels left and right of the door, depicting ten different deities, are superb examples of the art of repoussé. On the panels, Ranajita is mentioned as the ruler of a territory that extended as far as the Dudhkoshi River in the east, including the town of Dolakha.<br/><br/> Above the door, the golden torana shows Taleju Bhavani with her sixteen arms radiating out like some strange kind of half-insect, half-goddess. Above her, at the top of the torana, an image shows the Garuda with serpents coiling all around him.
Located four kilometres north of Bhaktapur at the end of a high ridge (1,677 metres), the temple of Changu Narayan is one of the oldest in the Kathmandu Valley, and the most sacred to worshippers of Vishnu.<br/><br/> The original construction of Changu Narayan, or Vishnu of the Moving Hill, is attributed to Licchavi king Hari Datta Varma around 325 CE. The earliest inscription found dates back to the year 464 in the reign of King Manadeva I, but there are indications that the temple must have existed long before.
The Golden Gate or Sun Dhoka, marks the entry to the Taleju Temple within the palace complex. The gate was built in 1753 by Ranajita Malla (r. 1722 - 1769) and his wife Jayalakshmi to commemorate the performance of a religious fire rite (<i>kotyahuti-yagya</i>), and it turned out to be the finest piece of gilded copper-work in Bhaktapur, possibly in the whole Kathmandu Valley.<br/><br/> Highly ornate in itself, the panels left and right of the door, depicting ten different deities, are superb examples of the art of repoussé. On the panels, Ranajita is mentioned as the ruler of a territory that extended as far as the Dudhkoshi River in the east, including the town of Dolakha.<br/><br/> Above the door, the golden <i>torana</i> shows Taleju Bhavani with her sixteen arms radiating out like some strange kind of half-insect, half-goddess. Above her, at the top of the <i>torana</i>, an image shows the Garuda with serpents coiling all around him.
The Golden Gate or Sun Dhoka, marks the entry to the Taleju Temple within the palace complex. The gate was built in 1753 by Ranajita Malla (r. 1722 - 1769) and his wife Jayalakshmi to commemorate the performance of a religious fire rite (<i>kotyahuti-yagya</i>), and it turned out to be the finest piece of gilded copper-work in Bhaktapur, possibly in the whole Kathmandu Valley.<br/><br/> Highly ornate in itself, the panels left and right of the door, depicting ten different deities, are superb examples of the art of repoussé. On the panels, Ranajita is mentioned as the ruler of a territory that extended as far as the Dudhkoshi River in the east, including the town of Dolakha.<br/><br/> Above the door, the golden <i>torana</i> shows Taleju Bhavani with her sixteen arms radiating out like some strange kind of half-insect, half-goddess. Above her, at the top of the <i>torana</i>, an image shows the Garuda with serpents coiling all around him.
The Golden Gate or Sun Dhoka, marks the entry to the Taleju Temple within the palace complex. The gate was built in 1753 by Ranajita Malla (r. 1722 - 1769) and his wife Jayalakshmi to commemorate the performance of a religious fire rite (<i>kotyahuti-yagya</i>), and it turned out to be the finest piece of gilded copper-work in Bhaktapur, possibly in the whole Kathmandu Valley.<br/><br/> Highly ornate in itself, the panels left and right of the door, depicting ten different deities, are superb examples of the art of repoussé. On the panels, Ranajita is mentioned as the ruler of a territory that extended as far as the Dudhkoshi River in the east, including the town of Dolakha.<br/><br/> Above the door, the golden <i>torana</i> shows Taleju Bhavani with her sixteen arms radiating out like some strange kind of half-insect, half-goddess. Above her, at the top of the <i>torana</i>, an image shows the Garuda with serpents coiling all around him.
The Golden Gate or Sun Dhoka, marks the entry to the Taleju Temple within the palace complex. The gate was built in 1753 by Ranajita Malla (r. 1722 - 1769) and his wife Jayalakshmi to commemorate the performance of a religious fire rite (<i>kotyahuti-yagya</i>), and it turned out to be the finest piece of gilded copper-work in Bhaktapur, possibly in the whole Kathmandu Valley.<br/><br/> Highly ornate in itself, the panels left and right of the door, depicting ten different deities, are superb examples of the art of repoussé. On the panels, Ranajita is mentioned as the ruler of a territory that extended as far as the Dudhkoshi River in the east, including the town of Dolakha.<br/><br/> Above the door, the golden <i>torana</i> shows Taleju Bhavani with her sixteen arms radiating out like some strange kind of half-insect, half-goddess. Above her, at the top of the <i>torana</i>, an image shows the Garuda with serpents coiling all around him.
Ba Dinh Square has special significance for the Vietnamese, as it was here that Ho Chi Minh declared the nation’s independence from France in front of a crowd of more than 100,000 people on 2 September 1945.<br/><br/> Ho Chi Minh's mausoleum stands on the west side of Ba Dinh Square, a heavy grey structure, faced in stone quarried from Marble Mountain near Danang.<br/><br/> Ho Chi Minh specifically requested that he be cremated and his ashes scattered in northern, central and southern Vietnam, symbolising the national unity to which he had devoted his life.<br/><br/> After his death in 1969, power lay with communist hardliners led by anh ba or ‘second brother’ Le Duan, until the latter’s death in 1986. Only after Le Duan’s demise did Ho Chi Minh’s private secretary Vu Ky reveal that Le Duan and some other leading members of the Vietnamese Politburo had tampered with Ho’s final testament by deleting his request to be cremated.
Ba Dinh Square has special significance for the Vietnamese, as it was here that Ho Chi Minh declared the nation’s independence from France in front of a crowd of more than 100,000 people on 2 September 1945.<br/><br/> Ho Chi Minh's mausoleum stands on the west side of Ba Dinh Square, a heavy grey structure, faced in stone quarried from Marble Mountain near Danang.<br/><br/> Ho Chi Minh specifically requested that he be cremated and his ashes scattered in northern, central and southern Vietnam, symbolising the national unity to which he had devoted his life.<br/><br/> After his death in 1969, power lay with communist hardliners led by anh ba or ‘second brother’ Le Duan, until the latter’s death in 1986. Only after Le Duan’s demise did Ho Chi Minh’s private secretary Vu Ky reveal that Le Duan and some other leading members of the Vietnamese Politburo had tampered with Ho’s final testament by deleting his request to be cremated.
Ba Dinh Square has special significance for the Vietnamese, as it was here that Ho Chi Minh declared the nation’s independence from France in front of a crowd of more than 100,000 people on 2 September 1945.<br/><br/> Ho Chi Minh's mausoleum stands on the west side of Ba Dinh Square, a heavy grey structure, faced in stone quarried from Marble Mountain near Danang.<br/><br/> Ho Chi Minh specifically requested that he be cremated and his ashes scattered in northern, central and southern Vietnam, symbolising the national unity to which he had devoted his life.<br/><br/> After his death in 1969, power lay with communist hardliners led by anh ba or ‘second brother’ Le Duan, until the latter’s death in 1986. Only after Le Duan’s demise did Ho Chi Minh’s private secretary Vu Ky reveal that Le Duan and some other leading members of the Vietnamese Politburo had tampered with Ho’s final testament by deleting his request to be cremated.
Zhou Enlai (March 5,1898 - January 8, 1976) was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from October 1949 until his death in January 1976. <br/><br/> Jiang Qing (Chiang Ch'ing, March 1914 – May 14, 1991) was the pseudonym that was used by Chinese leader Mao Zedong's last wife and major leftist figure during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976).
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution, was a socio-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through 1976. Set into motion by Mao Zedong, then Chairman of the Communist Party of China, its stated goal was to enforce socialism in the country by removing capitalist, traditional and cultural elements from Chinese society, and impose Maoist orthodoxy within the Party. <br/><br/> The Cultural Revolution damaged the country on a great scale economically and socially. Millions of people were persecuted in the violent factional struggles that ensued across the country, and suffered a wide range of abuses including torture, rape, imprisonment, sustained harassment, and seizure of property. A large segment of the population was forcibly displaced, most notably the transfer of urban youth to rural regions during the Down to the Countryside Movement. Historical relics and artifacts were destroyed. Cultural and religious sites were ransacked.
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution, was a socio-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through 1976. Set into motion by Mao Zedong, then Chairman of the Communist Party of China, its stated goal was to enforce socialism in the country by removing capitalist, traditional and cultural elements from Chinese society, and impose Maoist orthodoxy within the Party. <br/><br/> The Cultural Revolution damaged the country on a great scale economically and socially. Millions of people were persecuted in the violent factional struggles that ensued across the country, and suffered a wide range of abuses including torture, rape, imprisonment, sustained harassment, and seizure of property. A large segment of the population was forcibly displaced, most notably the transfer of urban youth to rural regions during the Down to the Countryside Movement. Historical relics and artifacts were destroyed. Cultural and religious sites were ransacked.
Located four kilometres north of Bhaktapur at the end of a high ridge (1,677 metres), the temple of Changu Narayan is one of the oldest in the Kathmandu Valley, and the most sacred to worshippers of Vishnu.<br/><br/> The original construction of Changu Narayan, or Vishnu of the Moving Hill, is attributed to Licchavi king Hari Datta Varma around 325 CE. The earliest inscription found dates back to the year 464 in the reign of King Manadeva I, but there are indications that the temple must have existed long before.
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution, was a socio-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through 1976. Set into motion by Mao Zedong, then Chairman of the Communist Party of China, its stated goal was to enforce socialism in the country by removing capitalist, traditional and cultural elements from Chinese society, and impose Maoist orthodoxy within the Party. <br/><br/> The Cultural Revolution damaged the country on a great scale economically and socially. Millions of people were persecuted in the violent factional struggles that ensued across the country, and suffered a wide range of abuses including torture, rape, imprisonment, sustained harassment, and seizure of property. A large segment of the population was forcibly displaced, most notably the transfer of urban youth to rural regions during the Down to the Countryside Movement. Historical relics and artifacts were destroyed. Cultural and religious sites were ransacked.
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution, was a socio-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through 1976. Set into motion by Mao Zedong, then Chairman of the Communist Party of China, its stated goal was to enforce socialism in the country by removing capitalist, traditional and cultural elements from Chinese society, and impose Maoist orthodoxy within the Party. <br/><br/> The Cultural Revolution damaged the country on a great scale economically and socially. Millions of people were persecuted in the violent factional struggles that ensued across the country, and suffered a wide range of abuses including torture, rape, imprisonment, sustained harassment, and seizure of property. A large segment of the population was forcibly displaced, most notably the transfer of urban youth to rural regions during the Down to the Countryside Movement. Historical relics and artifacts were destroyed. Cultural and religious sites were ransacked.
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution, was a socio-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through 1976. Set into motion by Mao Zedong, then Chairman of the Communist Party of China, its stated goal was to enforce socialism in the country by removing capitalist, traditional and cultural elements from Chinese society, and impose Maoist orthodoxy within the Party. <br/><br/> The Cultural Revolution damaged the country on a great scale economically and socially. Millions of people were persecuted in the violent factional struggles that ensued across the country, and suffered a wide range of abuses including torture, rape, imprisonment, sustained harassment, and seizure of property. A large segment of the population was forcibly displaced, most notably the transfer of urban youth to rural regions during the Down to the Countryside Movement. Historical relics and artifacts were destroyed. Cultural and religious sites were ransacked.
Tipu Sultan (November 1750, Devanahalli – 4 May 1799, Seringapatam), also known as the Tiger of Mysore, was the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore. He was the son of Hyder Ali, at that time an officer in the Mysorean army, and his second wife, Fatima or Fakhr-un-Nissa.<br/><br/> Tipu was given a number of honorific titles, and was referred to as Sultan Fateh Ali Khan Shahab, Tipu Saheb, Bahadur Khan Tipu Sultan or Fatih Ali Khan Tipu Sultan Bahadur.
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution, was a socio-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through 1976. Set into motion by Mao Zedong, then Chairman of the Communist Party of China, its stated goal was to enforce socialism in the country by removing capitalist, traditional and cultural elements from Chinese society, and impose Maoist orthodoxy within the Party. <br/><br/> The Cultural Revolution damaged the country on a great scale economically and socially. Millions of people were persecuted in the violent factional struggles that ensued across the country, and suffered a wide range of abuses including torture, rape, imprisonment, sustained harassment, and seizure of property. A large segment of the population was forcibly displaced, most notably the transfer of urban youth to rural regions during the Down to the Countryside Movement. Historical relics and artifacts were destroyed. Cultural and religious sites were ransacked.
Mao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976), was a Chinese communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, author, political theorist, and leader of the Chinese Revolution.<br/><br/> Commonly referred to as Chairman Mao, he was the architect of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from its establishment in 1949, and held authoritarian control over the nation until his death in 1976. His theoretical contribution to Marxism-Leninism, along with his military strategies and brand of political policies, are now collectively known as Maoism.
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution, was a socio-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through 1976. Set into motion by Mao Zedong, then Chairman of the Communist Party of China, its stated goal was to enforce socialism in the country by removing capitalist, traditional and cultural elements from Chinese society, and impose Maoist orthodoxy within the Party. <br/><br/> The Cultural Revolution damaged the country on a great scale economically and socially. Millions of people were persecuted in the violent factional struggles that ensued across the country, and suffered a wide range of abuses including torture, rape, imprisonment, sustained harassment, and seizure of property. A large segment of the population was forcibly displaced, most notably the transfer of urban youth to rural regions during the Down to the Countryside Movement. Historical relics and artifacts were destroyed. Cultural and religious sites were ransacked.
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution, was a socio-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through 1976. Set into motion by Mao Zedong, then Chairman of the Communist Party of China, its stated goal was to enforce socialism in the country by removing capitalist, traditional and cultural elements from Chinese society, and impose Maoist orthodoxy within the Party. <br/><br/> The Cultural Revolution damaged the country on a great scale economically and socially. Millions of people were persecuted in the violent factional struggles that ensued across the country, and suffered a wide range of abuses including torture, rape, imprisonment, sustained harassment, and seizure of property. A large segment of the population was forcibly displaced, most notably the transfer of urban youth to rural regions during the Down to the Countryside Movement. Historical relics and artifacts were destroyed. Cultural and religious sites were ransacked.
At the outbreak of World War I the mounted Cossacks made up 38 regiments, plus some infantry battalions and 52 horse artillery batteries. By 1916 their wartime strength had expanded to 160 regiments plus 176 independent sotnias (squadrons), the latter employed as detached units. While about a third of the regular Russian cavalry was dismounted in 1916 to serve as infantry, the Cossack arm remained essentially unaffected by modernization.<br/><br/> In the Russian Civil War that followed the October Revolution, various Cossacks supported each side of the conflict. Cossacks formed the core of the White Army, but many also fought with the Red Army.<br/><br/> Following the defeat of the White Army, the new Communist regime instituted a policy of harsh repressions, the so-called Decossackization, which took place on the surviving Cossacks and their homelands.
Nandi (Nandin) the Bull was the mythical mount of the god Shiva in Hindu mythology.<br/><br/> The Kailasanathar (Lord of the Cosmic Mountain) temple is a Hindu temple in the Dravidian architectural style. It is dedicated to the god Shiva, and was built between 685 and 705 CE by the Pallava Dynasty ruler Rajasimha. Construction was completed by Raajasimha's son, Mahendra Varma.
Reeducation camp (Vietnamese: trại há»c tập cải tạo) is the official title given to the prison camps operated by the government of Vietnam following the end of the Vietnam War. In such camps, the government imprisoned several hundred thousand former military officers and government workers from the former government of South Vietnam.<br/><br/> Reeducation as it was implemented in Vietnam was seen as both a means of revenge and as a sophisticated technique of repression and indoctrination, which developed for several years in the North and was extended to the South following the 1975 Fall of Saigon.
The Tiananmen, Tian'anmen or Gate of Heavenly Peace was first built during the Ming Dynasty in 1420. The gate was originally named Chengtianmen (simplified Chinese: 承天门; traditional Chinese: 承天門; pinyin: ChéngtiÄnmén), or 'Gate of Accepting Heavenly Mandate', and it has been destroyed and rebuilt several times.<br/><br/> it was from the rostrum of the Gate of Heavenly Peace that Chairman Mao announced the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949.
The Chairman Mao Memorial Hall (simplified Chinese: 毛主席纪念堂; traditional Chinese: 毛主席紀念堂; pinyin: Máo ZhÇ”xí Jìniàntáng), commonly known as the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong or the Mao Mausoleum, is the final resting place of Mao Zedong, chairman of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China from 1943 and the chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China from 1945 until his death in 1976.<br/><br/> Mao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976), was a Chinese communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, author, political theorist, and leader of the Chinese Revolution.<br/><br/> Commonly referred to as Chairman Mao, he was the architect of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from its establishment in 1949, and held authoritarian control over the nation until his death in 1976.<br/><br/> Mao's theoretical contribution to Marxism-Leninism, along with his military strategies and brand of political policies, are now collectively known as Maoism.
The Tiananmen, Tian'anmen or Gate of Heavenly Peace was first built during the Ming Dynasty in 1420. The gate was originally named Chengtianmen (simplified Chinese: 承天门; traditional Chinese: 承天門; pinyin: ChéngtiÄnmén), or 'Gate of Accepting Heavenly Mandate', and it has been destroyed and rebuilt several times.<br/><br/> it was from the rostrum of the Gate of Heavenly Peace that Chairman Mao announced the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949.
The National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine (Zhong Lie Ci) in Taipei is dedicated to the Republic of China's war dead. The shrine was built in 1969.<br/><br/> Taipei was founded in the early 18th century and became an important center for overseas trade in the 19th century. The Qing Dynasty of China made Taipei the provincial capital of Taiwan in 1886.<br/><br/> Japan acquired Taiwan in 1895 after the First Sino-Japanese War. Taiwan became a colony of Imperial Japan with Taipei as its capital. Taiwan's Japanese rulers embarked on an extensive program of advanced urban planning that featured extensive railroad links.<br/><br/> The Republic of China took over the island in 1945 following Japanese surrender. After losing Mainland China to the Chinese Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War, the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) relocated the ROC government to Taiwan and declared Taipei the provisional capital of the Republic of China in December 1949.
The National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine (Zhong Lie Ci) in Taipei is dedicated to the Republic of China's war dead. The shrine was built in 1969.<br/><br/> Taipei was founded in the early 18th century and became an important center for overseas trade in the 19th century. The Qing Dynasty of China made Taipei the provincial capital of Taiwan in 1886.<br/><br/> Japan acquired Taiwan in 1895 after the First Sino-Japanese War. Taiwan became a colony of Imperial Japan with Taipei as its capital. Taiwan's Japanese rulers embarked on an extensive program of advanced urban planning that featured extensive railroad links.<br/><br/> The Republic of China took over the island in 1945 following Japanese surrender. After losing Mainland China to the Chinese Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War, the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) relocated the ROC government to Taiwan and declared Taipei the provisional capital of the Republic of China in December 1949.
The National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine (Zhong Lie Ci) in Taipei is dedicated to the Republic of China's war dead. The shrine was built in 1969.<br/><br/> Taipei was founded in the early 18th century and became an important center for overseas trade in the 19th century. The Qing Dynasty of China made Taipei the provincial capital of Taiwan in 1886.<br/><br/> Japan acquired Taiwan in 1895 after the First Sino-Japanese War. Taiwan became a colony of Imperial Japan with Taipei as its capital. Taiwan's Japanese rulers embarked on an extensive program of advanced urban planning that featured extensive railroad links.<br/><br/> The Republic of China took over the island in 1945 following Japanese surrender. After losing Mainland China to the Chinese Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War, the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) relocated the ROC government to Taiwan and declared Taipei the provisional capital of the Republic of China in December 1949.
The National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine (Zhong Lie Ci) in Taipei is dedicated to the Republic of China's war dead. The shrine was built in 1969.<br/><br/> Taipei was founded in the early 18th century and became an important center for overseas trade in the 19th century. The Qing Dynasty of China made Taipei the provincial capital of Taiwan in 1886.<br/><br/> Japan acquired Taiwan in 1895 after the First Sino-Japanese War. Taiwan became a colony of Imperial Japan with Taipei as its capital. Taiwan's Japanese rulers embarked on an extensive program of advanced urban planning that featured extensive railroad links.<br/><br/> The Republic of China took over the island in 1945 following Japanese surrender. After losing Mainland China to the Chinese Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War, the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) relocated the ROC government to Taiwan and declared Taipei the provisional capital of the Republic of China in December 1949.
The National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine (Zhong Lie Ci) in Taipei is dedicated to the Republic of China's war dead. The shrine was built in 1969.<br/><br/> Taipei was founded in the early 18th century and became an important center for overseas trade in the 19th century. The Qing Dynasty of China made Taipei the provincial capital of Taiwan in 1886.<br/><br/> Japan acquired Taiwan in 1895 after the First Sino-Japanese War. Taiwan became a colony of Imperial Japan with Taipei as its capital. Taiwan's Japanese rulers embarked on an extensive program of advanced urban planning that featured extensive railroad links.<br/><br/> The Republic of China took over the island in 1945 following Japanese surrender. After losing Mainland China to the Chinese Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War, the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) relocated the ROC government to Taiwan and declared Taipei the provisional capital of the Republic of China in December 1949.
The National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine (Zhong Lie Ci) in Taipei is dedicated to the Republic of China's war dead. The shrine was built in 1969.<br/><br/> Taipei was founded in the early 18th century and became an important center for overseas trade in the 19th century. The Qing Dynasty of China made Taipei the provincial capital of Taiwan in 1886.<br/><br/> Japan acquired Taiwan in 1895 after the First Sino-Japanese War. Taiwan became a colony of Imperial Japan with Taipei as its capital. Taiwan's Japanese rulers embarked on an extensive program of advanced urban planning that featured extensive railroad links.<br/><br/> The Republic of China took over the island in 1945 following Japanese surrender. After losing Mainland China to the Chinese Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War, the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) relocated the ROC government to Taiwan and declared Taipei the provisional capital of the Republic of China in December 1949.
The National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine (Zhong Lie Ci) in Taipei is dedicated to the Republic of China's war dead. The shrine was built in 1969.<br/><br/> Taipei was founded in the early 18th century and became an important center for overseas trade in the 19th century. The Qing Dynasty of China made Taipei the provincial capital of Taiwan in 1886.<br/><br/> Japan acquired Taiwan in 1895 after the First Sino-Japanese War. Taiwan became a colony of Imperial Japan with Taipei as its capital. Taiwan's Japanese rulers embarked on an extensive program of advanced urban planning that featured extensive railroad links.<br/><br/> The Republic of China took over the island in 1945 following Japanese surrender. After losing Mainland China to the Chinese Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War, the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) relocated the ROC government to Taiwan and declared Taipei the provisional capital of the Republic of China in December 1949.
The National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine (Zhong Lie Ci) in Taipei is dedicated to the Republic of China's war dead. The shrine was built in 1969.<br/><br/> Taipei was founded in the early 18th century and became an important center for overseas trade in the 19th century. The Qing Dynasty of China made Taipei the provincial capital of Taiwan in 1886.<br/><br/> Japan acquired Taiwan in 1895 after the First Sino-Japanese War. Taiwan became a colony of Imperial Japan with Taipei as its capital. Taiwan's Japanese rulers embarked on an extensive program of advanced urban planning that featured extensive railroad links.<br/><br/> The Republic of China took over the island in 1945 following Japanese surrender. After losing Mainland China to the Chinese Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War, the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) relocated the ROC government to Taiwan and declared Taipei the provisional capital of the Republic of China in December 1949.
The National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine (Zhong Lie Ci) in Taipei is dedicated to the Republic of China's war dead. The shrine was built in 1969.<br/><br/> Taipei was founded in the early 18th century and became an important center for overseas trade in the 19th century. The Qing Dynasty of China made Taipei the provincial capital of Taiwan in 1886.<br/><br/> Japan acquired Taiwan in 1895 after the First Sino-Japanese War. Taiwan became a colony of Imperial Japan with Taipei as its capital. Taiwan's Japanese rulers embarked on an extensive program of advanced urban planning that featured extensive railroad links.<br/><br/> The Republic of China took over the island in 1945 following Japanese surrender. After losing Mainland China to the Chinese Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War, the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) relocated the ROC government to Taiwan and declared Taipei the provisional capital of the Republic of China in December 1949.
The National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine (Zhong Lie Ci) in Taipei is dedicated to the Republic of China's war dead. The shrine was built in 1969.<br/><br/> Taipei was founded in the early 18th century and became an important center for overseas trade in the 19th century. The Qing Dynasty of China made Taipei the provincial capital of Taiwan in 1886.<br/><br/> Japan acquired Taiwan in 1895 after the First Sino-Japanese War. Taiwan became a colony of Imperial Japan with Taipei as its capital. Taiwan's Japanese rulers embarked on an extensive program of advanced urban planning that featured extensive railroad links.<br/><br/> The Republic of China took over the island in 1945 following Japanese surrender. After losing Mainland China to the Chinese Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War, the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) relocated the ROC government to Taiwan and declared Taipei the provisional capital of the Republic of China in December 1949.
The National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine (Zhong Lie Ci) in Taipei is dedicated to the Republic of China's war dead. The shrine was built in 1969.<br/><br/> Taipei was founded in the early 18th century and became an important center for overseas trade in the 19th century. The Qing Dynasty of China made Taipei the provincial capital of Taiwan in 1886.<br/><br/> Japan acquired Taiwan in 1895 after the First Sino-Japanese War. Taiwan became a colony of Imperial Japan with Taipei as its capital. Taiwan's Japanese rulers embarked on an extensive program of advanced urban planning that featured extensive railroad links.<br/><br/> The Republic of China took over the island in 1945 following Japanese surrender. After losing Mainland China to the Chinese Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War, the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) relocated the ROC government to Taiwan and declared Taipei the provisional capital of the Republic of China in December 1949.
The National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine (Zhong Lie Ci) in Taipei is dedicated to the Republic of China's war dead. The shrine was built in 1969.<br/><br/> Taipei was founded in the early 18th century and became an important center for overseas trade in the 19th century. The Qing Dynasty of China made Taipei the provincial capital of Taiwan in 1886.<br/><br/> Japan acquired Taiwan in 1895 after the First Sino-Japanese War. Taiwan became a colony of Imperial Japan with Taipei as its capital. Taiwan's Japanese rulers embarked on an extensive program of advanced urban planning that featured extensive railroad links.<br/><br/> The Republic of China took over the island in 1945 following Japanese surrender. After losing Mainland China to the Chinese Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War, the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) relocated the ROC government to Taiwan and declared Taipei the provisional capital of the Republic of China in December 1949.
The National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine (Zhong Lie Ci) in Taipei is dedicated to the Republic of China's war dead. The shrine was built in 1969.<br/><br/> Taipei was founded in the early 18th century and became an important center for overseas trade in the 19th century. The Qing Dynasty of China made Taipei the provincial capital of Taiwan in 1886.<br/><br/> Japan acquired Taiwan in 1895 after the First Sino-Japanese War. Taiwan became a colony of Imperial Japan with Taipei as its capital. Taiwan's Japanese rulers embarked on an extensive program of advanced urban planning that featured extensive railroad links.<br/><br/> The Republic of China took over the island in 1945 following Japanese surrender. After losing Mainland China to the Chinese Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War, the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) relocated the ROC government to Taiwan and declared Taipei the provisional capital of the Republic of China in December 1949.
The Second Opium War, the Second Anglo-Chinese War, the Second China War, the Arrow War, or the Anglo-French expedition to China, was a war pitting the British Empire and the Second French Empire against the Qing Dynasty of China, lasting from 1856–1860.
The First Anglo-Chinese War (1839–42), known popularly as the First Opium War or simply the Opium War, was fought between the United Kingdom and the Qing Dynasty of China over their conflicting viewpoints on diplomatic relations, trade, and the administration of justice.<br/><br/> Chinese officials wished to stop what was perceived as an outflow of silver and to control the spread of opium, and confiscated supplies of opium from British traders. The British government, although not officially denying China's right to control imports, objected to this seizure and used its newly developed military power to enforce violent redress.<br/><br/> In 1842, the Treaty of Nanking—the first of what the Chinese later called the unequal treaties—granted an indemnity to Britain, the opening of five treaty ports, and the cession of Hong Kong Island, thereby ending the trade monopoly of the Canton System. The failure of the treaty to satisfy British goals of improved trade and diplomatic relations led to the Second Opium War (1856–60). The war is now considered in China as the beginning of modern Chinese history.
Yaksha is the name of a broad class of nature-spirits, usually benevolent, who are caretakers of the natural treasures hidden in the earth and tree roots. They appear in Hindu, Jain and Buddhist mythology.<br/><br/> Lampang was originally founded during the 7th century Dvaravati period. Nothing remains from these early times, but the city is rich in temples, many of which have a distinctly Burmese flavour as Lampang had a substantial Burmese population in the 19th century, most of whom were involved in the logging industry.
Yaksha is the name of a broad class of nature-spirits, usually benevolent, who are caretakers of the natural treasures hidden in the earth and tree roots. They appear in Hindu, Jain and Buddhist mythology.<br/><br/> Lampang was originally founded during the 7th century Dvaravati period. Nothing remains from these early times, but the city is rich in temples, many of which have a distinctly Burmese flavour as Lampang had a substantial Burmese population in the 19th century, most of whom were involved in the logging industry.
Yaksha is the name of a broad class of nature-spirits, usually benevolent, who are caretakers of the natural treasures hidden in the earth and tree roots. They appear in Hindu, Jain and Buddhist mythology.<br/><br/> Lampang was originally founded during the 7th century Dvaravati period. Nothing remains from these early times, but the city is rich in temples, many of which have a distinctly Burmese flavour as Lampang had a substantial Burmese population in the 19th century, most of whom were involved in the logging industry.
Yaksha is the name of a broad class of nature-spirits, usually benevolent, who are caretakers of the natural treasures hidden in the earth and tree roots. They appear in Hindu, Jain and Buddhist mythology.<br/><br/> Lampang was originally founded during the 7th century Dvaravati period. Nothing remains from these early times, but the city is rich in temples, many of which have a distinctly Burmese flavour as Lampang had a substantial Burmese population in the 19th century, most of whom were involved in the logging industry.
Yaksha is the name of a broad class of nature-spirits, usually benevolent, who are caretakers of the natural treasures hidden in the earth and tree roots. They appear in Hindu, Jain and Buddhist mythology.<br/><br/> Lampang was originally founded during the 7th century Dvaravati period. Nothing remains from these early times, but the city is rich in temples, many of which have a distinctly Burmese flavour as Lampang had a substantial Burmese population in the 19th century, most of whom were involved in the logging industry.
Ba Dinh Square has special significance for the Vietnamese, as it was here that Ho Chi Minh declared the nation’s independence from France in front of a crowd of more than 100,000 people on 2 September 1945.<br/><br/> Ho Chi Minh's mausoleum stands on the west side of Ba Dinh Square, a heavy grey structure, faced in stone quarried from Marble Mountain near Danang.<br/><br/> Ho Chi Minh specifically requested that he be cremated and his ashes scattered in northern, central and southern Vietnam, symbolising the national unity to which he had devoted his life.<br/><br/> After his death in 1969, power lay with communist hardliners led by anh ba or ‘second brother’ Le Duan, until the latter’s death in 1986. Only after Le Duan’s demise did Ho Chi Minh’s private secretary Vu Ky reveal that Le Duan and some other leading members of the Vietnamese Politburo had tampered with Ho’s final testament by deleting his request to be cremated.
Ba Dinh Square has special significance for the Vietnamese, as it was here that Ho Chi Minh declared the nation’s independence from France in front of a crowd of more than 100,000 people on 2 September 1945.<br/><br/> Ho Chi Minh's mausoleum stands on the west side of Ba Dinh Square, a heavy grey structure, faced in stone quarried from Marble Mountain near Danang.<br/><br/> Ho Chi Minh specifically requested that he be cremated and his ashes scattered in northern, central and southern Vietnam, symbolising the national unity to which he had devoted his life.<br/><br/> After his death in 1969, power lay with communist hardliners led by anh ba or ‘second brother’ Le Duan, until the latter’s death in 1986. Only after Le Duan’s demise did Ho Chi Minh’s private secretary Vu Ky reveal that Le Duan and some other leading members of the Vietnamese Politburo had tampered with Ho’s final testament by deleting his request to be cremated.
The Duanmen (Upright Gate) sits between Tiananmen (Gate of Heavenly Peace) and Wumen (Meridian Gate), the main entrance to the Forbidden City. The gate was built in 1420 during the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644).<br/><br/> The Forbidden City, built between 1406 and 1420, served for 500 years (until the end of the imperial era in 1911) as the seat of all power in China, the throne of the Son of Heaven and the private residence of all the Ming and Qing dynasty emperors. The complex consists of 980 buildings with 8,707 bays of rooms and covers 720,000 m2 (7,800,000 sq ft).
The Duanmen (Upright Gate) sits between Tiananmen (Gate of Heavenly Peace) and Wumen (Meridian Gate), the main entrance to the Forbidden City. The gate was built in 1420 during the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644).<br/><br/> The Forbidden City, built between 1406 and 1420, served for 500 years (until the end of the imperial era in 1911) as the seat of all power in China, the throne of the Son of Heaven and the private residence of all the Ming and Qing dynasty emperors. The complex consists of 980 buildings with 8,707 bays of rooms and covers 720,000 m2 (7,800,000 sq ft).
Wat Phra Kaew (Temple of the Emerald Buddha); full official name Wat Phra Si Rattana Satsadaram is regarded as the most sacred Buddhist temple in Thailand. It is located within the precincts of the Grand Palace.<br/><br/> The Grand Palace served as the official residence of the Kings of Thailand from the 18th century onwards. Construction of the Palace began in 1782, during the reign of King Rama I, when he moved the capital across the river from Thonburi to Bangkok.
Tuol Sleng (S 21) Prison: A group of young Khmer Rouge prison guards, c.1977. Although permanently in danger of arrest themselves, these guards were privileged by DK standards - note the good quality uniforms, wrist watches and pens in top pockets, the latter indicative of senior rank. S-21, or Tuol Sleng, is a former high school which was used as the notorious Security Prison 21 (S-21) by the Khmer Rouge communist regime from its rise to power in 1975 to its fall in 1979. Tuol Sleng means "Hill of the Poisonous Trees" or "Strychnine Hill".
The City Palace was built between 1729 and 1732, initially by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II. He planned and built the outer walls, and later additions were made by successive rulers right up to the 20th century.<br/><br/> Jaipur is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Rajasthan. It was founded on 18 November 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, the ruler of Amber, after whom the city was named. The city today has a population of 3.1 million. Jaipur is known as the Pink City of India.<br/><br/> The city is remarkable among pre-modern Indian cities for the width and regularity of its streets which are laid out into six sectors separated by broad streets 34 m (111 ft) wide. The urban quarters are further divided by networks of gridded streets. Five quarters wrap around the east, south, and west sides of a central palace quarter, with a sixth quarter immediately to the east. The Palace quarter encloses the sprawling Hawa Mahal palace complex, formal gardens, and a small lake. Nahargarh Fort, which was the residence of the King Sawai Jai Singh II, crowns the hill in the northwest corner of the old city. The observatory, Jantar Mantar, is a World Heritage Site.
This illustration was published in the journal of Captain Wybrant Warwijck of the Dutch East Indies Company in 1604. Female guards and bodyguards were common in the court of Iskandar Muda, the 12th Sultan of Aceh (c. 1583 - 1636). He created an elite guard consisting of 3,000 women.<br/><br/> Aceh is located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra. It is thought to have been in Aceh where Islam was first established in Southeast Asia. In the early 17th century the Sultanate of Aceh was the most wealthy, powerful and cultivated state in the Malacca Straits region. Aceh province now has the highest proportion of Muslims in Indonesia and has regional levels of Sharia law.<br/><br/> Aceh has a history of political independence and fierce resistance to control by outsiders, including the former Dutch colonists and the Indonesian government. Aceh has substantial natural resources, including oil and natural gas—some estimates put Aceh gas reserves as being the largest in the world.
Flying Tigers was the popular name of the 1st American Volunteer Group (AVG) of the Chinese Air Force in 1941-1942. The pilots were United States Army (USAAF), Navy (USN), and Marine Corps (USMC) personnel, recruited under Presidential sanction and commanded by Claire Lee Chennault; the ground crew and headquarters staff were likewise mostly recruited from the U.S. military, along with some civilians. The group consisted of three fighter squadrons with about 20 aircraft each. It trained in Burma before the American entry into World War II with the mission of defending China against Japanese forces. The Tigers' shark-faced fighters remain among the most recognizable of any individual combat aircraft of World War II, and they demonstrated innovative tactical victories when the news in the U.S. was filled with little more than stories of defeat at the hands of the Japanese forces.
International attention to Shanghai grew in the 19th century due to its economic and trade potential at the Yangtze River. During the First Opium War (1839–1842), British forces temporarily held the city. The war ended with the 1842 Treaty of Nanjing, opening Shanghai and other ports to international trade. In 1863, the British settlement, located to the south of Suzhou creek (Huangpu district), and the American settlement, to the north of Suzhou creek (Hongkou district), joined in order to form the International Settlement.<br/><br/>The French opted out of the Shanghai Municipal Council, and maintained its own French Concession. Citizens of many countries and all continents came to Shanghai to live and work during the ensuing decades; those who stayed for long periods called themselves 'Shanghailanders'. In the 1920s and 30s, some 20,000 so-called White Russians and Russian Jews fled the newly established Soviet Union and took up residence in Shanghai. By 1932, Shanghai had become the world's fifth largest city and home to 70,000 foreigners.
Between 1802 and 1945, Hue was the imperial capital of the feudal Nguyen Dynasty, which dominated much of southern Vietnam. In 1775 when Trinh Sam captured it, it was known as Phu Xuan. In 1802, Nguyen Phuc Anh (later Emperor Gia Long) succeeded in establishing his control over the whole of Vietnam, thereby making Hue the national capital. The French administration placed the boy emperor Duy Tan on the throne in 1907, replacing his father Emperor Thanh Thai who was opposed to French colonial rule and sent into exile. Hue remained the Vietnamese capital until 1945, when Emperor Bao Dai abdicated and a communist government was established in Hanoi.
The JÄmiÊ¿ al-tawÄrÄ«kh, (Mongolian: Судрын чуулган, Sudar-yn Chuulgan; Arabic: جامع التواريخ ‎; Persian: جامع‌التواریخ ), ('Compendium of Chronicles') or Universal History is an Iranian work of literature and history written by Rashid-al-Din Hamadani at the start of the 14th century.
The Dutch East India Company (VOC) was set up in 1602 to gain a foothold in the East Indies (Indonesia) for the Dutch in the lucrative spice trade, which until that point was dominated by the Portuguese.<br/><br/> It was a chartered company granted a monopoly by the Dutch government to carry out colonial activities in Asia, including establishing colonies in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and India.
The Old City of Shanghai (Shànghăi Gùchéng) refers to the most ancient area of Shanghai, more often referred to simply as Nanshi, 'Southern City', as it lay to the south of the old International Settlements. It is circular in shape, and used to be surrounded by a defensive wall. Notable features include the City God Temple which is located in the center of the Old City and is connected to the Yuyuan Garden. Today, most of the walls have been replaced by broad circular avenues, the Renmin Lu to the North and Zhonghua Lu to the South.
Chanthaburi is celebrated across Thailand because of its heroic links with King Taksin the Great, the conqueror who fought back against the Burmese occupiers of Ayutthaya in 1767 and went on to re-establish Thai independence. Although Taksin only ruled briefly from his new capital at Thonburi (1768-82), his name remains greatly revered, and is commemorated across Chanthaburi in a number of shrines, monuments, parks and even a boat yard.<br/><br/> King Taksin (Somdet Phra Chao Taksin Maharat; Thai: สมเด็จพระเจ้าตาà¸à¸ªà¸´à¸™à¸¡à¸«à¸²à¸£à¸²à¸Š; April 17, 1734 – April 7, 1782) was the only King of the Thonburi Kingdom. He is greatly revered by the Thai people for his leadership in liberating Siam from Burmese occupation after the Second Fall of Ayutthaya in 1767, and the subsequent unification of Siam after it fell under various warlords.<br/><br/> King Taksin established Thonburi as his new capital, since Ayutthaya had been almost completely destroyed by the Burmese. His reign was characterized by numerous wars, fought to repel new Burmese invasions and to subjugate the northern Thai kingdom of Lanna, the Laotian principalities, and a threatening Cambodia.<br/><br/> He was succeeded by the Chakri dynasty and the Rattanakosin Kingdom under his long time friend King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke.
Hyakki Yagyo, variation: hyakki yako, (lit. 'Night Parade of One Hundred Demons') is a concept in Japanese folklore. It is a parade which is composed of a hundred kinds of <i>yokai</i> (supernatural monsters).<br/><br/> Legend has it that every year the yokai Nurarihyon, will lead all of the yokai through the streets of Japan during summer nights. Anyone who comes across the procession will perish or be spirited away by the yokai, unless protected by handwritten scrolls by anti-yokai onmyoji spellcasters.<br/><br/> According to the account in the Shugaisho, a medieval Japanese encyclopedia, the only way to be kept safe from the night parade if it comes by your house is to stay inside on the specific nights associated with the Chinese zodiac or to chant a magic spell.