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Northeastern Thai and Lao food is generally of the simple, spicy, peasant variety enjoyed by the inhabitants of this relatively poor region. The most famous dishes include <i>somtam</i>– papaya salad with fish sauce, garlic, chilli peppers, peanuts and <i>puu na</i> field crab added to taste. This is often eaten with <i>kai yang</i>– grilled chicken, the best of which is said to come from Sisaket, close to the Lao frontier.<br/><br/> Perhaps the most classic of Isaan dishes is <i>larb</i>– spiced minced meat generally served with salad and a side plate of raw vegetables. Unlike Bangkok and the South, <i>khao niaw</i>, or 'sticky rice' – a glutinous variant served in small woven bamboo baskets and eaten with the hand – is the main accompaniment to every meal.
Northeastern Thai and Lao food is generally of the simple, spicy, peasant variety enjoyed by the inhabitants of this relatively poor region. The most famous dishes include <i>somtam</i>– papaya salad with fish sauce, garlic, chilli peppers, peanuts and <i>puu na</i> field crab added to taste. This is often eaten with <i>kai yang</i>– grilled chicken, the best of which is said to come from Sisaket, close to the Lao frontier.<br/><br/> Perhaps the most classic of Isaan dishes is <i>larb</i>– spiced minced meat generally served with salad and a side plate of raw vegetables. Unlike Bangkok and the South, <i>khao niaw</i>, or 'sticky rice' – a glutinous variant served in small woven bamboo baskets and eaten with the hand – is the main accompaniment to every meal.
<i>Nem nướng</i> can be eaten alone as an appetizer or snack, and dipped in Nước chấm (dipping sauce), or with a peanut dip. Nước chấm is fish sauce diluted with water and flavored with sugar, lime juice, chopped raw garlic, chopped fresh bird's eye chili (Thai chili)/cayenne pepper, and sometimes with vinegar. The peanut sauce is made of peanut butter and hoisin sauce, flavored with fish sauce and crushed garlic, topped with crushed roasted peanut. It is served with fresh vegetables such as lettuce, julienned pickled vegetables like carrots and white radishes, and fresh herbs like mint and basil.
'Nazi plunder' refers to art theft and other items stolen as a result of the organized looting of European countries during the time of the Third Reich by agents acting on behalf of the ruling Nazi Party of Germany. Plundering occurred from 1933 until the end of World War II, although most plunder was acquired during the war. In addition to gold, silver and currency, cultural items of great significance were stolen, including paintings, ceramics, books, and religious treasures.<br/><br/> Although most of these items were recovered by agents of the Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program (MFAA), affectionately referred to as the Monuments Men, on behalf of the Allies immediately following the war, many are still missing.
<i>Nem nướng</i> can be eaten alone as an appetizer or snack, and dipped in Nước chấm (dipping sauce), or with a peanut dip. Nước chấm is fish sauce diluted with water and flavored with sugar, lime juice, chopped raw garlic, chopped fresh bird's eye chili (Thai chili)/cayenne pepper, and sometimes with vinegar. The peanut sauce is made of peanut butter and hoisin sauce, flavored with fish sauce and crushed garlic, topped with crushed roasted peanut. It is served with fresh vegetables such as lettuce, julienned pickled vegetables like carrots and white radishes, and fresh herbs like mint and basil.
'Nazi plunder' refers to art theft and other items stolen as a result of the organized looting of European countries during the time of the Third Reich by agents acting on behalf of the ruling Nazi Party of Germany. Plundering occurred from 1933 until the end of World War II, although most plunder was acquired during the war. In addition to gold, silver and currency, cultural items of great significance were stolen, including paintings, ceramics, books, and religious treasures.<br/><br/> Although most of these items were recovered by agents of the Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program (MFAA), affectionately referred to as the Monuments Men, on behalf of the Allies immediately following the war, many are still missing.
French Indochina Banque de l'Indochina (Bank of Indochina) One Piastre banknote. Image on back shows a Vietnamese fruit vendor in front of a rural scene
<i>Nem nướng</i> can be eaten alone as an appetizer or snack, and dipped in Nước chấm (dipping sauce), or with a peanut dip. Nước chấm is fish sauce diluted with water and flavored with sugar, lime juice, chopped raw garlic, chopped fresh bird's eye chili (Thai chili)/cayenne pepper, and sometimes with vinegar. The peanut sauce is made of peanut butter and hoisin sauce, flavored with fish sauce and crushed garlic, topped with crushed roasted peanut. It is served with fresh vegetables such as lettuce, julienned pickled vegetables like carrots and white radishes, and fresh herbs like mint and basil.
Although the Khmer Rouge printed banknotes, these notes were not issued as money was abolished after the Khmer Rouge took control of the country.<br/><br/> The Khmer Rouge, or Communist Party of Kampuchea, ruled Cambodia from 1975 to 1979, led by Pol Pot, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Son Sen and Khieu Samphan. It is remembered primarily for its brutality and policy of social engineering which resulted in millions of deaths.<br/><br/> Its attempts at agricultural reform led to widespread famine, while its insistence on absolute self-sufficiency, even in the supply of medicine, led to the deaths of thousands from treatable diseases (such as malaria).<br/><br/> Brutal and arbitrary executions and torture carried out by its cadres against perceived subversive elements, or during purges of its own ranks between 1976 and 1978, are considered to have constituted a genocide. Several former Khmer Rouge cadres are currently on trial for war crimes in Phnom Penh.
<i>Nem nướng</i> can be eaten alone as an appetizer or snack, and dipped in Nước chấm (dipping sauce), or with a peanut dip. Nước chấm is fish sauce diluted with water and flavored with sugar, lime juice, chopped raw garlic, chopped fresh bird's eye chili (Thai chili)/cayenne pepper, and sometimes with vinegar. The peanut sauce is made of peanut butter and hoisin sauce, flavored with fish sauce and crushed garlic, topped with crushed roasted peanut. It is served with fresh vegetables such as lettuce, julienned pickled vegetables like carrots and white radishes, and fresh herbs like mint and basil.
Although the Khmer Rouge printed banknotes, these notes were not issued as money was abolished after the Khmer Rouge took control of the country.<br/><br/> The Khmer Rouge, or Communist Party of Kampuchea, ruled Cambodia from 1975 to 1979, led by Pol Pot, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Son Sen and Khieu Samphan. It is remembered primarily for its brutality and policy of social engineering which resulted in millions of deaths.<br/><br/> Its attempts at agricultural reform led to widespread famine, while its insistence on absolute self-sufficiency, even in the supply of medicine, led to the deaths of thousands from treatable diseases (such as malaria).<br/><br/> Brutal and arbitrary executions and torture carried out by its cadres against perceived subversive elements, or during purges of its own ranks between 1976 and 1978, are considered to have constituted a genocide. Several former Khmer Rouge cadres are currently on trial for war crimes in Phnom Penh.
<i>Nem nướng</i> can be eaten alone as an appetizer or snack, and dipped in Nước chấm (dipping sauce), or with a peanut dip. Nước chấm is fish sauce diluted with water and flavored with sugar, lime juice, chopped raw garlic, chopped fresh bird's eye chili (Thai chili)/cayenne pepper, and sometimes with vinegar. The peanut sauce is made of peanut butter and hoisin sauce, flavored with fish sauce and crushed garlic, topped with crushed roasted peanut. It is served with fresh vegetables such as lettuce, julienned pickled vegetables like carrots and white radishes, and fresh herbs like mint and basil.
Mandalay, a sprawling city of more than 1 million people, was founded in 1857 by King Mindon to coincide with an ancient Buddhist prophecy. It was believed that Gautama Buddha visited the sacred mount of Mandalay Hill with his disciple Ananda, and proclaimed that on the 2,400th anniversary of his death, a metropolis of Buddhist teaching would be founded at the foot of the hill.<br/><br/> The Irrawaddy River or Ayeyarwady River, also spelt Ayeyarwaddy is a river that flows from north to south through Burma (Myanmar). It is the country's largest river and most important commercial waterway.<br/><br/> Originating from the confluence of the N'mai and Mali rivers, it flows relatively straight North-South before emptying through the Irrawaddy Delta into the Andaman Sea. Its drainage area of about 255,081 km² covers a large part of Burma. After Rudyard Kipling's poem, it is sometimes referred to as 'The Road to Mandalay'.
Mandalay, a sprawling city of more than 1 million people, was founded in 1857 by King Mindon to coincide with an ancient Buddhist prophecy. It was believed that Gautama Buddha visited the sacred mount of Mandalay Hill with his disciple Ananda, and proclaimed that on the 2,400th anniversary of his death, a metropolis of Buddhist teaching would be founded at the foot of the hill.<br/><br/> The Irrawaddy River or Ayeyarwady River, also spelt Ayeyarwaddy is a river that flows from north to south through Burma (Myanmar). It is the country's largest river and most important commercial waterway.<br/><br/> Originating from the confluence of the N'mai and Mali rivers, it flows relatively straight North-South before emptying through the Irrawaddy Delta into the Andaman Sea. Its drainage area of about 255,081 km² covers a large part of Burma. After Rudyard Kipling's poem, it is sometimes referred to as 'The Road to Mandalay'.
French Indochina Banque de l'Indochina (Bank of Indochina) One Piastre banknote. Image on front shows (left to right) Cambodian, Lao and Vietnamese women in traditional dress.
Worthless or virtually worthless currency notes were issued by Ma Chung-ying, the Ma Warlord Clique and virtually all warlord groups in Republican China (1911-1949) and then forced into circulation at the point of a bayonet. This was one of the ills symptomatic of the Warlord Era.
Most street names in Hanoi's Old Quarter begin 'Hang', meaning 'shop' or 'merchant'. 'Bac' means 'silver'. This street dates back to the 13th century, but it was during the reign of Le Thanh Tong (1469-97) that silversmiths and goldsmiths set up shop here. In the 18th century, moneychangers and jewelry makers moved in. During French rule, it was called 'Exchange Street'.
Most street names in Hanoi's Old Quarter begin 'Hang', meaning 'shop' or 'merchant'. 'Bac' means 'silver'. This street dates back to the 13th century, but it was during the reign of Le Thanh Tong (1469-97) that silversmiths and goldsmiths set up shop here. In the 18th century, moneychangers and jewelry makers moved in. During French rule, it was called 'Exchange Street'.
French Indochina Banque de l'Indochina (Bank of Indochina) One Piastre banknote. Image on front shows a Vietnamese woman in traditional ao dai dress and part of the Royal Palace at Hue.
Most street names in Hanoi's Old Quarter begin 'Hang', meaning 'shop' or 'merchant'. 'Bac' means 'silver'. This street dates back to the 13th century, but it was during the reign of Le Thanh Tong (1469-97) that silversmiths and goldsmiths set up shop here. In the 18th century, moneychangers and jewelry makers moved in. During French rule, it was called 'Exchange Street'.
Hanoi's Old Quarter lies immediately north of Ho Hoan Kiem lake. It's better known locally as Bam Sau Pho Phuong or the ‘Thirty Six Streets’. 'Phuong' means a trade guild, and most of the streets begin with the word 'hang' meaning merchandise. This ancient section of the city has long been associated with commerce, and it remains very much so today.
Azes II (reigned circa 35-12 BCE), may have been the last Indo-Scythian king in northern India. After the death of Azes II, the rule of the Indo-Scythians in northwestern India finally crumbled with the conquest of the Kushans, one of the five tribes of the Yuezhi who had lived in Bactria for more than a century, and who were then expanding into India to create a Kushan Empire. Photo by PHGCOM (CC BY-SA 3.0 License).
Azes II (reigned circa 35-12 BCE), may have been the last Indo-Scythian king in northern India. After the death of Azes II, the rule of the Indo-Scythians in northwestern India finally crumbled with the conquest of the Kushans, one of the five tribes of the Yuezhi who had lived in Bactria for more than a century, and who were then expanding into India to create a Kushan Empire. Photo by World Imaging (CC BY-SA 3.0 License).
Azes II (reigned circa 35-12 BCE), may have been the last Indo-Scythian king in northern India. After the death of Azes II, the rule of the Indo-Scythians in northwestern India finally crumbled with the conquest of the Kushans, one of the five tribes of the Yuezhi who had lived in Bactria for more than a century, and who were then expanding into India to create a Kushan Empire.
Azes II (reigned circa 35-12 BCE), may have been the last Indo-Scythian king in northern India. After the death of Azes II, the rule of the Indo-Scythians in northwestern India finally crumbled with the conquest of the Kushans, one of the five tribes of the Yuezhi who had lived in Bactria for more than a century, and who were then expanding into India to create a Kushan Empire. Image released into the Public Domain by World Imaging.
Azes II (reigned circa 35-12 BCE), may have been the last Indo-Scythian king in northern India. After the death of Azes II, the rule of the Indo-Scythians in northwestern India finally crumbled with the conquest of the Kushans, one of the five tribes of the Yuezhi who had lived in Bactria for more than a century, and who were then expanding into India to create a Kushan Empire.
Azes II (reigned circa 35-12 BCE), may have been the last Indo-Scythian king in northern India. After the death of Azes II, the rule of the Indo-Scythians in northwestern India finally crumbled with the conquest of the Kushans, one of the five tribes of the Yuezhi who had lived in Bactria for more than a century, and who were then expanding into India to create a Kushan Empire.